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Breast Health

Competencies
  • General
    General
    • Course Registration Questionnaire
    • Pre-Test Quiz
    • Peer Corner Forum
  • How to create an account and enroll in the course?

     

     

    • Breast Health Homepage


      This Breast Health introductory course provides foundational theoretical and practical knowledge and skills including how to provide effective counseling regarding breast health. All components of this training are free, including registration, learning, testing, and a certificate of completion. This course is intended for physicians, nurses, and allied health professionals in training and in practice.

      This Breast Health course was developed in partnership with the University of Florida through the affiliation of the course creator, Maryam Sattari, MD, MS, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine. Like all NextGenU courses, this course is competency-based and uses adapted Breast Health competencies outlined in Educational Objectives: Core Curriculum in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 10th Edition (designed by affiliates of the Education Committee of the Council on Resident Education in Obstetrics and Gynecology (CREOG)). It also uses resources from world-class organizations such as Johns Hopkins Medicine, the National Cancer Institute, and the  U.S. Preventive Task Force. The course was developed by Maryam Sattari, MD, MS with advice from Erica Frank, MD, MPH, and several faculty members of the University of Florida.

      For a publication on this course’s efficacy, see “Building Public Health Capacity through Online Global Learning,” (2018), Open Praxis to see more research related to NextGenU.org’s education model, check out NextGenU.org's publication page. Subscribe to our newsletter to be notified of future updates, new courses, and to be part of our community.

      There are 7 modules to complete, which provide: 

      1. A basic introduction to the anatomy and physiology of the breast, benign disorders of the breast; 
      2. Routine screening approaches to selected diseases of the breast;
      3. Epidemiology and risk assessment of breast cancer;
      4. Basic mechanisms of genetic inheritance of breast cancer, and diagnosis of breast cancer.

      Approximate time required for the required readings for the course is 12 hours at an average reading rate of 144 words/minute; in addition, there are required activities.

      The course requires the completion of all peer activities. At the end of each lesson, there is a practice quiz. At the end of the course, after you’ve completed each lesson, quiz, and activity, you’ll have access to a final exam, and a chance to assess the training. Once you’ve passed that last test, you will be able to download a certificate of completion from NextGenU.org and our course’s co-sponsoring organizations (listed above). We keep all of your personal information confidential, never sell any of your information, and only use anonymized data for research purposes, and we are also happy to report your testing information and share your work with anyone (your school, employer, etc.) at your request. We hope that you will find this a rewarding learning experience, and we count on your assessment and feedback to help us improve this training for future students.

      Engaging with this Course:  

      You may browse this course for free to learn for your personal enrichment; there are no requirements.

      To obtain a certificate
      • Show in the registration fields that you have the appropriate prerequisites to be certified. This course requires a college-level degree.
      • Complete all the reading requirements.
      • Complete all quizzes.
      • Complete 5 peer activity and associated certification quizzes.
      • Successfully complete the final exam with a minimum of 70%  and a maximum of 3 attempts.
      • Complete the self and course evaluation forms.

      To obtain credit 
      • Complete all requirements listed above for the certificate. 
      • Your learning institution or workplace should approve the partner-university-sponsored NextGenU.org course for educational credit, as they would for their learner taking a course anywhere.  
        • NextGenU.org is happy to provide your institution with:
          • a link to and description of the course training, so they can see all its components, including the cosponsoring universities and other professional organization cosponsors; 
          • your grade on the final exam;
          • your work products (e.g. peer and mentored activities), and any other required or optional shared materials that you produce and authorize to share with them;  
          • your evaluations -- self-, peer-, and [for mentored courses] mentor assessments;
          • a copy of your certificate of completion, with the co-sponsoring universities and other organizations listed.

      To obtain a degree co-sponsored with NextGenU.org, registrants must be enrolled in a degree program as a student of a NextGenU.org institutional partner. If you think that your institution might be interested in offering a degree with NextGenU.org contact us.

      We hope that you will find this a rewarding learning experience, and we count on your assessment and feedback to help us improve this training for future students.

      Next Steps

      • Complete the registration form.
      • Begin the course with Module 1: Anatomy of the Breast

      • Module 1: Anatomy of the Breast

        Competency covered in this module: 
        • Basic Science/Mechanisms of Disease: Anatomy

        Click here for the brief module introduction
        • This module will act as a foundation for the rest of the course, providing you with an understanding of the gross and histologic anatomy of the breast.

      • Module 1: Lesson 1: Anatomy of the Breast

        Learning Objective:
        Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
        • Describe the gross and histologic anatomy of the breast.
        Approximate time required for the readings for this lesson (at 144 words/minute): 1 hour.

        Click here to start this lesson

        3 URLs
        • Required Learning Resources and Activities
        • Breast Anatomy (7 mins) URL

          Read the web page and then click on the ‘Next’ button found at the bottom of the screen to access the three subsequent web pages titled “Quadrants of the Breast”, “Regional Lymph Nodes”, and “Review”.  Read the content of those web pages as well to understand the basic anatomy of the breast.

        • Anatomy Atlases - Atlas of Microscopic Anatomy - A Functional Approach: Companion to Histology and Neuroanatomy: Second Edition (13 mins) URL

          Click on the corresponding links to access plates 13.253-13.256.  Examine the plates and read the accompanying text to learn about the microscopic anatomy of the mammary gland.

        • Anatomy of the nipple and breast ducts (15 mins) URL

          Read the entire article to learn about the anatomy of the nipple and breast ducts.

        • Quiz 1v1 M1L1
          Restricted Not available unless:
          • The activity Pre-Test is marked complete
          • The activity Course Registration is marked complete

          To access the quiz, click on the name of the quiz provided above. On the following screen, click the "Preview quiz now" button to respond to the questions.

      • Module 2: Physiology of the Breast

        Competency covered in this module: 
        • Basic Science/Mechanisms of Disease: Physiology

        Click here for the brief module introduction
        • This module will act as foundation for the rest of the course, providing you with an understanding of the physiology of the breast.

      • Module 2: Lesson 1: Physiology of the Breast

        Learning Objectives:
        Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
        • Describe the major physiologic changes that occur to the breast during pregnancy.
        • Describe the physiologic changes that occur at time of puberty and menopause.
        Approximate time required for the readings for this lesson (at 144 words/minute): 1 hour.

        Click here to start this lesson

        2 URLs, 1 Forum, 1 Quiz
        • Required Learning Resources and Activities
        • Health Library: Normal Breast Development and Changes (6 mins) URL

          Read the web page to understand normal breast development as well as the physiologic changes that occur throughout life.

        • PRA1 - Peer Review Activity 1: Slide presentation Forum

          In this activity, you will use the learning resources from the first two modules to prepare a lecture on the anatomy and physiology of breast to your peers.

          Step 1: Identify a relevant topic from the two presented below and choose one:

          1. Describe the anatomy (gross and histological) of the breast,

          OR

          1. Describe the developmental and physiological changes of the breast during the following cycles that occur during life: embryonic/infancy, puberty, pregnancy, lactation, and menopause.

          Step 2: After choosing a topic, prepare a presentation to explain it to your peers, ensuring to include the key points of your chosen topic, you can present the information in one of the following ways:

            • Presentation slides containing 5-10 slides.
            • A 250 to 500 word summary of your topic

          Step 3: Submit your assignment for peer review by clicking “add a new discussion topic” below and completing the fields

          Step 4: Review the work of one of your peers by asking yourself the questions listed below and comment on their post stating that their post meets these requirements:

          1. Did my peer provide a brief summary of the topic of the presentation?
          2. Did my peer ensure the topic chosen is one of the above options (a or b)?
          3. Did my peer prepare a presentation that is either 5-10 slides or a 250-500 word summary, and is relevant to the chosen topic?
          4. Did my peer ensure that the content of the presentation is consistent with the reading material in the first two modules?
        • Quiz 2v1 M2L1

          To access the quiz, click on the name of the quiz provided above. On the following screen, click the "Preview quiz now" button to respond to the questions.

        • Additional Learning Options
        • Breastfeeding Protocols for Health Care Providers (15 mins) URL

          Scroll down to the section titled “How the Breast Works” (pages 11-15) to understand Lactogenesis I and II as well as hormonal influences on milk production and let-down.

      • Module 3: Benign Disorders of the Breast

        Competency covered in this module: 
        • Benign Disorders of the Breast

        Click here for the brief module introduction
        • After reading the resources and participating in the activities in this module, you will become familiar with the presentation of benign breast disorders, their work-up, treatment, and management.

      • Module 3: Lesson 1: Benign Disorders of the Breast

        Learning Objectives:
        Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
        • Describe the clinical history and the principal pathophysiologic conditions that affect the breast such as the following:  (a) Breast mass, (b) Nipple discharge, (c) Pain, (d) Infection (mastitis), (e) Asymmetry, (f) Excessive size, and (g) Underdevelopment.
        • Perform a focussed physical examination to evaluate for an abnormality of the breast.
        Approximate time required for the readings for this lesson (at 144 words/minute): 1 hour.

        Click here to start this lesson
        16 URLs, 1 Forum, 1 Quiz
        • Required Learning Resources and Activities
        • Breast Masses (Breast Lumps) (8 mins) URL

          Read the entire article to learn about breast masses.

        • Diagnosis and Management of Fibroadenomas in the Adolescent Breast (3 mins) URL

          Read down from the section titled "Abstract" to the end of the section titled "Presentation" to learn more about fibroadenomas, a benign breast mass.

        • Nipple Discharge (8 mins) URL

          Read the entire article to learn about nipple discharge.

        • Common Breast Problems (22 mins) URL

          Scroll down and read the section titled ʺMastalgiaʺ (pages 346-348) including Figure 2 to learn about breast pain.

        • Breast infection (3 mins) URL

          Read the web page to learn about mastitis.

        • Breast Asymmetry (10 mins) URL

          Read pages 5-7 to learn more about the different types of breast asymmetry.

        • The Adolescent Breast (3 mins) URL

          Scroll down and read section 16.6 titled "Virginal hypertrophy" to learn about the excessive breast size condition.

        • The Adolescent Breast (5 mins) URL

          Scroll down and read section 16.5 titled "Underdeveloped breasts", including section 16.5.1 titled "Tuberous breasts".

        • Evaluation of Breast Disorders (10 mins) URL

          Read the subsections titled "History" and "Breast examination".  The rest of the article is optional reading.

        • PRA2-Peer Review Activity 2: Handout: Breast awareness Forum

          In this activity, you will use the knowledge acquired to create educational handouts oriented to people at risk to develop breast cancer.

          Step 1: Identify the information you believe is important to provide to the patients, be sure to include the following topics:

          • Normal appearance and feel of breasts.
          • Examples of breast changes patients should be aware of: Breast mass, Nipple discharge, Pain, Infection (mastitis), Asymmetry, Excessive size, and Underdevelopment.
          • What should patients do if they notice a breast change?

          Step 2: Prepare a handout including the information detailed above plus any other you believe relevant for patients, that information should be consistent with the required reading material in the module. 

          Ensure you use clear and simple language that most patients can understand, regardless of their level of education, and that the handout is one page in length.

          Step 3: Submit your assignment for peer review by clicking “add a new discussion topic” below and completing the fields.

          Step 4: Review the work of one of your peers by asking yourself the questions listed below and comment on their post stating that their post meets these requirements:

          1. Did my peer provide information regarding normal appearance and feel of breasts and examples of changes patients should be aware of?
          2. Did my peer inform the patients what should they do in case of noticing a breast change?
          3. Did my peer prepare a handout that is one page in length?
          4. Did my peer use clear and simple language?

        • Quiz 3v1 M3L1

          To access the quiz, click on the name of the quiz provided above. On the following screen, click the "Preview quiz now" button to respond to the questions.

        • Additional Learning Options
        • Follow-up of Abnormal Breast Findings (20 mins) URL

          Read slides 3-11 to learn about nipple discharge.

        • Mastalgia (Breast Pain) (3 mins) URL

          Read the article to learn more about breast pain.

        • Congenital abnormalities of the breast (27 mins) URL

          Read the entire article to learn about congenital abnormalities of the breast including asymmetry.

        • Hyperplastic Breast Anomalies in the Female Adolescent Breast (21 mins) URL

          Read the entire article to learn about Macromastia in adolescents.

        • Hypoplastic Breast Anomalies in the Female Adolescent Breast (26 mins) URL

          Read the article to learn about hypoplastic breast anomalies.

        • A Practical Guide to Clinical Medicine: A comprehensive physical examination and clinical education site for medical students and other health care professionals: Breast Examination (16 mins) URL

          Scroll down and read the entire content under the heading titled "Breast Examination". 

        • Breast Cancer / Breast Self-Examination (BSE) (15 mins) URL

          Read the introduction, then click on the links to learn how to perform a breast self-examination.

      • Module 4: Routine Screening for Selected Diseases of the Breast

        Competency covered in this module: 
        • Routine Screening for Selected Diseases

        Click here for the brief module introduction
        • This module will provide an overview of the screening and management of selected diseases of the breast such as Mastitis, Galactorrhea, Mastodynia, and Breast Masses.

      • Module 4: Lesson 1: Routine Screening for Selected Diseases of the Breast

        Learning Objective:
        Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
        • Evaluate and manage breast disorders such as the following: (1) Mastitis, (2) Galactorrhea, (3) Mastodynia, and (4) Breast Masses.
        Approximate time required for the readings for this lesson (at 144 words/minute): 1 hour.

        Click here to start this lesson
        3 URLs, 1 Forum, 1 Quiz
        • Required Learning Resources and Activities
        • Benign Breast Disease: When to treat, when to reassure, when to refer (35 mins) URL

          Download the full article.  Then, read the entire article to gain an understanding of the work-up and management of common benign breast disorders.

        • Evaluation of Palpable Breast Masses (30 mins) URL

          Read the entire article to understand the importance and role of taking: a history, a physical exam, an image, and a biopsy during the work-up of a palpable breast mass.

        • PRA3-Peer Review Activity 3: Case Study: Benign breast disorder Forum

          In this activity, you will prepare a case study to describe workup and management of common benign breast disorders, including galactorrhea, mastitis, and breast pain.

          Step 1: Identify a patient with a benign breast disorder (nipple discharge, galactorrhea, mastodynia, mastitis, or a breast mass), you can use a real patient you have access to, or a case study you find online.

          Step 2: Collect information regarding: 

            • Patient history, 
            • Physical exam, 
            • Imaging, 
            • Tissue studies,
            • Management of the disease.

          Step 3: Prepare a 500-1000 word case study that includes all the information presented above, and any other information you want to include that is relevant to this assignment. Make sure the identity of the patient is anonymized.

          Step 4: Submit your assignment for peer review by clicking “add a new discussion topic” below and completing the fields.

          Step 5: Review the work of one of your peers by asking yourself the questions listed below and comment on their post stating that their post meets these requirements:

          1. Did my peer explain the clinical case, including the presentation of the breast disease?
          2. Did my peer explain the workup and management of the disease?
          3. Did my peer submit a 500-1000 words case study?
          4. Did my peer make sure the identity of the patient was anonymized?

        • Quiz 4v1 M4L1

          To access the quiz, click on the name of the quiz provided above. On the following screen, click the "Preview quiz now" button to respond to the questions.

        • Additional Learning Options
        • The Evaluation of Common Breast Problems (25 mins) URL

          Read the entire article, including the sections on cyclic and noncyclic breast pain.

      • Module 5: Epidemiology and Risk Assessment for Breast Cancer

        Competency covered in this module: 
        • Epidemiology and Risk Assessment for Breast Cancer

        Click here for the brief module introduction
        • This module will provide you with an overview of the epidemiology of breast cancer as well as the evaluation and effective counseling of patients with a risk for breast cancer.

      • Module 5: Lesson 1: Epidemiology and Risk Assessment for Breast Cancer

        Learning Objectives:
        Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
        • Evaluate a patient's personal and family history of breast cancer, including the risk associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2.
        • Evaluate other epidemiologic factors to assess a woman's risk of developing breast cancer, such as the following:  (a) Patient age, (b) Parity, (c) Ethnicity, (d) Lactation, (e) Hormone replacement, (f) Alcohol consumption, and (g) Tobacco consumption.
        • Counsel patients regarding breast cancer prevention strategies.
        • Counsel patients regarding the use of screening methods, such as mammography.
        • Refer patients appropriately for genetic counseling and testing.
        Approximate time required for the readings for this lesson (at 144 words/minute): 7 hours.

        Click here to start this lesson
        15 URLs, 1 Forum, 1 Quiz
        • Required Learning Resources and Activities
        • Identification and management of women with a family history of breast cancer: Practical guide for clinicians. (19 mins) URL

          Read the entire article to learn how to take a family history of breast cancer.

        • Importance of a Personal History of Breast Cancer as a Risk Factor for the Development of Subsequent Breast Cancer: Results From Screening Breast MRI (20 mins) URL

          Read the entire article to learn about the importance of a personal history of breast cancer.

        • Breast Cancer Prevention (PDQ) - Health Professional Version (14 mins) URL

          Read the sections titled "Who's at risk?" and "Overview" to learn about the factors associated with increased and decreased risk of breast cancer, as well as the interventions that reduce the risk of breast cancer.

        • Breast cancer statistics, 2013 (39 mins) URL

          Read the entire article to become aware of the ethnic trends in breast cancer incidence in the United States.

        • Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool (5 mins) URL

          Read the entire web page and familiarize yourself with factors used in the risk calculator.

        • American Cancer Society Guidelines on Nutrition and Physical Activity for Cancer Prevention - Reducing the Risk of Cancer with Healthy Food Choices and Physical Activity (150 mins) URL

          Read the entire article with a focus on the updated ACS recommendations for individual choices regarding diet and physical activity patterns to reduce the risk of breast cancer.

        • Breast Cancer: Medications for Risk Reduction (45 mins) URL

          Read the content of the table titled ʺSummary of Recommendations and Evidenceʺ.  Then, download the Full Recommendation Statement, by clicking on the link below the table. Read the Recommendation Statement.

        • Cancer Screening in the United States, 2016: A Review of Current American Cancer Society Guidelines and Current Issues in Cancer Screening (60 mins) URL

          Read pages 96-103 and review Table 2 for information related to breast cancer.

        • Final Recommendation Statement - Breast Cancer: Screening (36 mins) URL

          Read the web page to understand the current recommendations for breast cancer screening as well as the controversies and differences in recommendations by different expert societies and guidelines.

        • Genetic Counseling for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (20 mins) URL

          Read the entire web page except for the section pertaining to insurance coverage.  Then, click on the link titled ʺgenetic testingʺ found at the bottom of the web page and read the content of that link.  Make sure you understand what a strong, moderate and average family history of breast cancer means.

        • Tobacco Use and Women’s Health URL

          Read the content from the heading ‘Forms of Tobacco’ to the end of the article.  (15 minutes)

        • Alcohol and Cancer in the WHO European Region URL

          Read the content on pages 5-12. (17 minutes)

        • PRA4- Peer Review Activity 4: Educational hand-out for patients Forum

          In this activity, you will prepare a handout to describe risk factors for breast cancer,  factors associated with decreased risk of breast cancer, and interventions that reduce breast cancer risk to patients.

          Step 1: Identify the information you believe is important to provide to patients regarding risk factors as well as protective factors, be sure to include the following topics:

          • Patient age, 
          • Parity, 
          • Ethnicity, 
          • Lactation, 
          • Hormone replacement, 
          • Alcohol consumption.

          Step 2: Prepare a handout including the information detailed above plus any other you believe relevant for patients, that information should be consistent with the required reading material in the module. 

          Ensure you use clear and simple language that most patients can understand, regardless of their level of education, and that the handout is one page in length.

          Step 3: Submit your assignment for peer review by clicking “add a new discussion topic” below and completing the fields.

          Step 4: Review the work of one of your peers by asking yourself the questions listed below and comment on their post stating that their post meets these requirements:

          1. Did my peer provide information regarding risk factors for breast cancer?
          2. Did my peer inform the patients how certain factors decrease the risk of breast cancer?
          3. Did my peer prepare a handout that is one page in length?
          4. Did my peer use clear and simple language?

        • Quiz 5v1 M5L1

          To access the quiz, click on the name of the quiz provided above. On the following screen, click the "Preview quiz now" button to respond to the questions.

        • Additional Learning Options
        • Familial breast cancer: classification, care and managing breast cancer and related risks in people with a family history of breast cancer (6 mins) URL

          Read section 1.1 titled "Clinical significance of a family history of breast cancer" to learn more about taking a family history of breast cancer.

        • Risks and Benefits of Estrogen Plus Progestin in Healthy Postmenopausal Women: Principal Results From the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Trial (30 mins) URL

          Read the article to understand the association between postmenopausal hormonal replacement therapy and breast cancer risk.

        • American Cancer Society Guidelines for Breast Screening with MRI as an Adjunct to Mammography (67 mins) URL

          Read the entire article that expands on the role of MRI in breast cancer screening.

      • Module 6: Basic Mechanisms of Genetic Inheritance

        Competency covered in this module: 
        • Basic Mechanisms of Genetic Inheritance

        Click here for the brief module introduction
        • In this module, you will learn about common inheritance patterns of breast cancer and indications for screening for certain genes related to breast cancer.

      • Module 6: Lesson 1: Basic Mechanisms of Genetic Inheritance

        Learning Objectives:
        Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
        • Describe the inheritance patterns for malignancies of the breast.
        • Describe the current indications for screening for BRCA1 and BRCA2.
        Approximate time required for the readings for this lesson (at 144 words/minute): 1 hour.

        Click here to start this lesson
        4 URLs, 1 Forum, 1 Quiz
        • Required Learning Resources and Activities
        • Your Guide to Understanding Genetic Conditions: Breast Cancer (9 mins) URL

          Read the sections titled "Description", "Frequency", "Causes", and "Inheritance Pattern".  This resource provides information about hereditary breast cancer.

        • Final Recommendation Statement: BRCA-Related Cancer: Risk Assessment, Genetic Counseling, and Genetic Testing (42 mins) URL

          Read the entire recommendation statement to understand the current indications for screening for BRCA1 and BRCA2.

        • Discussion Question: Harms and benefits of testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations Forum

          Consider the following scenario:  After taking a family history of one of your female patients, you determine that she is at an increased risk for breast cancer.  You suggest that she be tested for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations.  The patient asks you about the harms and benefits of testing as well as what her options would be if the test comes back positive.  What would you tell her?

          To post your answer, click on the button at the bottom of the screen labeled 'Add a new discussion topic'. Also, comment on at least one other posting made by your peers in a respectful and professional manner. If a peer comments on your posting, please reply back. Click on the particular discussion, then click on ‘reply'.

        • Quiz 6v1 M6L1

          To access the quiz, click on the name of the quiz provided above. On the following screen, click the "Preview quiz now" button to respond to the questions.

        • Additional Learning Options
        • Genetics of breast cancer: a topic in evolution (31 mins) URL

          Read the article to learn more about the genetics of breast cancer.

        • BRCA1 and BRCA2: Cancer Risk and Genetic Testing (4 mins) URL

          Scroll down and read the section titled "Who should consider genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations?".  The rest of the text is optional reading.

      • Module 7: Diagnosis of Invasive Carcinoma of the Breast

        Competency covered in this module: 
        • Diagnosis of Invasive Carcinoma of the Breast

        Click here for the brief module introduction
        • This module will provide you with an overview of diagnostic methods to detect an invasive carcinoma of the breast.

      • Module 7: Lesson 1: Diagnosis of Invasive Carcinoma of the Breast

        Learning Objectives:
        Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
        • Explain to the patient the appropriate diagnostic tests for evaluating a suspicious breast lesion.
        • Describe the indications for other diagnostic studies, such as the following:  (a) Mammography, (b) Ultrasonography, (c) Magnetic resonance imaging, (d) Core-needle biopsy, and (e) Excisional biopsy.
        Approximate time required for the readings for this lesson (at 144 words/minute): 2 hours.

        Click here to start this lesson
        6 URLs, 1 Quiz, 1 Forum
        • Required Learning Resources and Activities
        • What Is Breast Cancer? (4 mins) URL

          Read the entire web page.  Then, click on the link titled "How Is Breast Cancer Diagnosed?" found on the left side of the web page and read the content.

        • Pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer (53 mins) URL

          Read the entire review article.  This article describes various imaging techniques used in screening as well as the techniques used in diagnosis.

        • Mammograms (70 mins) URL

          Read the entire web page.   Ensure you click on the link to each subtopic to learn more about mammograms.  Then, click on the links titled "Breast Ultrasound", "Breast MRI Scans", and "Breast Biopsy" found on the left-hand side of the web page and read the content of each page.  After reading the content of the "Breast Biopsy" web page, click on the link to "Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy"  and read the content of that page.  Then, click on the links titled "Core Needle Biopsy of the Breast" and "Surgical Breast Biopsy" found on the left side of the web page and read the entire content of those links.

        • The American Society of Breast Surgeons - Performance and Practice Guidelines for Excisional Breast Biopsy (2 mins) URL

          Scroll down and read the section titled "Article II - Indications" to learn about the indications for excisional biopsy.

        • Magnetic resonance imaging in breast cancer: A literature review and future perspectives. (26 mins) URL

          Read the entire article to learn about the value of MRI in breast cancer screening and staging.

        • Quiz 7v1 M7L1

          To access the quiz, click on the name of the quiz provided above. On the following screen, click the "Preview quiz now" button to respond to the questions.

        • Additional Learning Options
        • Common Breast Problems (20 mins) URL

          Read down to the section titled "Mastalgia".  Then, read from the section titled "Nipple Discharge" to learn about the indications for various diagnostic studies.

        • Peer Review Activity 5: Write quiz questions (optional) Forum

          This activity will give you the opportunity to generate new questions for this course, that will be sent to NextGenU’s Director of Evaluation to review for format and quality, and then to the course creator for content review. If they are good questions, they will be added to the question bank for the course.

          Step 1: Choose any three learning objects from the entire course. Create one multiple choice question for each of the three learning objects. Please create a table with the following columns to keep your information organized: 

          Module/Competency

          Question Source Quote Source URL Related Online Course
          Here, insert the name of the module/ competency.
          For example:
          Module 2, Competency 2.1
          Here, type your question with the stem and response choices, and highlight or underline the correct answer Here, copy and paste the original source quote supporting and identifying the correct answer to the question Here, copy and paste the link to the learning object Here, insert the name of the original learning object

          Step 2: Submit your assignment for peer review by clicking “add a new discussion topic” below and completing the fields.

      • Final Exam

        Click here to start Final Examination

        • Final Exam Quiz
          Restricted Not available unless any of:
          • All of:
            • The activity Course Registration is marked complete
            • The activity Pre-Test is marked complete
            • The activity Quiz 1v1 M1L1 is marked complete
            • The activity Quiz 2v1 M2L1 is marked complete
            • The activity Quiz 3v1 M3L1 is marked complete
            • The activity Quiz 4v1 M4L1 is marked complete
            • The activity Quiz 5v1 M5L1 is marked complete
            • The activity Quiz 6v1 M6L1 is marked complete
            • The activity Quiz 7v1 M7L1 is marked complete
          • You belong to a group in KCOM
          • You belong to MiamiMed
          • All of:
            • The activity Quiz 1v2 M2L1: DATA is marked complete
            • The activity Quiz 2v2 M2L1: DATA is marked complete
            • The activity Quiz 3v2 M3L1: DATA is marked complete
            • The activity Quiz 4v2 M4L1: DATA is marked complete
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      • Module 6: Basic Mechanisms of Genetic Inheritance
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