Skip to main content
(Log in)
NextGenU.org
  • Dashboard
  • Home
  • About Us
    About Us FAQs The Frank Foundation Board Members Publications Quality Assurance
  • Guests
    Learners Mentors Universities
  • Courses
    All Courses Medicine Courses Public Health Courses Community Health Courses Professional Development Courses Nursing Courses Health Sciences Sciences
  • Programs
    Addiction Training for Health Professionals Public Health U - MPH Primary Education STEPS Humanitarian U
  • Connect
    Contact Us Volunteer Careers Join Our Network sign up for our newsletter
  • Donate
  • Blog

Anatomy and Physiology

Competencies
  • General




    General
    • Course Registration Questionnaire
    • Peer Corner Forum
    • Pre-Test Quiz
  • How to create an account and enroll in the course?

     

     

    • OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology Homepage

         

      Welcome to the Anatomy and Physiology course. This course will reinforce your fundamental, theoretical, and practical knowledge of anatomy and physiology. In addition, you will learn about health promotion and prevention of the most common diseases, as well as approaching possible scenarios where they will demonstrate their problem-solving skills. It provides you with the basic skills needed. You will have the necessary foundations to be able to carry out more complex studies in the field of medicine and its different specialties.s.

      This Anatomy and Physiology course is sponsored in part by the International Development Research Centre and the University of the Incarnate Word School of Osteopathic Medicine. This Anatomy and Physiology course uses learning resources from the OpenStax Library, a nonprofit organization based at Rice University whose mission is to improve student access to education; learning activities for evaluations were developed Carolina Bustillos, MD, DiplEd; Pablo Baldiviezo, MD, MSc.

      For publications on NextGenU.org’s courses’ efficacy, see NextGenU.org’s publication page. Subscribe to our newsletter to be notified of future updates and new courses and to be part of our community. 

      There are six modules to complete, which provide an introduction to: 

      Module 1: Levels of Organization
      Module 2: Support and Movement
      Module 3: Regulation, Integration, and Control
      Module 4: Fluids and Transport
      Module 5: Energy, Maintenance, and Environmental Exchange
      Module 6: Human Development and the Continuity of Life

      The completion time for this course is estimated at 277 hours, comprising 86 hours of learning resources, 172 hours to study content and assimilation, and 18  hours of participating in learning activities and quizzes, to assist the learners in the synthesis of learning materials. This course is equivalent to 6 credit hours.

      This course requires the completion of all activities. At the end of each module, there is a practice quiz of 10 multiple-choice questions. After you’ve completed each lesson, quiz, and learning activity, at the end of the course, you’ll have access to a final exam consisting of 40 multiple-choice questions and a chance to evaluate this course. Participants have up to three opportunities to take the final exam and achieve the required score of >=70%. Once you’ve passed that last test, you will be able to download a certificate of completion from NextGenU.org and our course’s co-sponsoring organizations. We keep your personal information confidential, never sell any of your information, and only use anonymized data for research purposes. Also, we are happy to report your testing information and share your work with anyone (your school, employer, etc.) at your request. 

      Engaging with this Course:

      You may browse this course for free to learn for your personal enrichment; there are no requirements. To register in this course, it is required that learners have obtained a college-level/bachelor's degree. 

      • all the reading requirements;
      • all quizzes and pass with a 70% with unlimited attempts;
      • all learning activities;
      • the final exam with a minimum of 70% and a maximum of 3 attempts;
      • the self and course evaluation forms.

      To obtain credit:

      • Complete all requirements listed above for the certificate, and
      • Your learning institution or workplace should approve the partner-university-sponsored NextGenU.org course for educational credit, as they would for their learner taking a course anywhere.  

      NextGenU.org is happy to provide your institution with:

      • A link to and description of the course training so they can see all its components, including the co-sponsoring universities and other professional organization co-sponsors; 
      • Your grade on the final exam;
      • Your work products (e.g., case study activities) and any other required or optional shared materials that you produce and authorize to share with them;  
      • Your evaluations -- course and self-assessments;
      • A copy of your certificate of completion, with the co-sponsoring universities and other organizations listed.

      To obtain a degree, NextGenU.org co-sponsors degree programs with institutional partners. To obtain a full degree co-sponsored with NextGenU.org, registrants must be enrolled in a degree program as a student of a NextGenU.org institutional partner. If you think your institution might be interested in offering a degree with NextGenU.org, contact us.

      We hope you will find this a rewarding learning experience, and we count on your assessment and feedback to help us improve this training for future students.

      Here are the next steps to take the course and earn a certificate.

      • Complete the registration form.
      • Take the pre-test.
      • Begin the course with Module 1:Levels of Organization. In each lesson, read the description, complete all required readings and any required activity, as well as take the corresponding quizzes.

      • Module 1: Levels of Organization

        In this module, you will understand the basic human anatomy and physiology, including its language, the levels of organization, and the basics of chemistry and cell biology. These chapters will provide you with a foundation for further study of the body. They also will focus particularly on how the body’s regions, important chemicals, and cells maintain homeostasis.
        • Module 1: Lesson 1: An Introduction to the Human Body

          Student Learning Outcomes:
          Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
          • Distinguish between anatomy and physiology, and identify several branches of each.
          • Describe the structure of the body, from simplest to most complex, in terms of the six levels of organization.
          • Identify the functional characteristics of human life.
          • Identify the four requirements for human survival.
          • Define homeostasis and explain its importance to normal human functioning.
          • Use appropriate anatomical terminology to identify key body structures, body regions, and directions in the body.
          • Compare and contrast at least four medical imaging techniques in terms of their function and use in medicine.
          Approximate time required for the readings for this lesson (at 144 words/minute): 6 hours and 6 minutes.

          Click here to start this lesson

          8 URLs, 1 Forum
          • Required Learning Resources and Activities
          • Introduction URL

            Read the entire page. (2 minutes)

            Rice University - 2022

          • Overview of Anatomy and Physiology URL

            Read the entire page. (11 minutes)

            Rice University - 2022

          • Structural Organization of the Human Body URL

            Read the entire page. (15 minutes)

            Rice University - 2022

          • Functions of Human Life URL

            Read the entire page. (12 minutes)

            Rice University - 2022

          • Requirements of Human Life URL

            Read the entire page. (23 minutes)

            Rice University - 2022

          • Homeostasis URL

            Read the entire page. (17 minutes)

            Rice University - 2022

          • Anatomical Terminology URL

            Read the entire page. (38 minutes)

            Rice University - 2022

          • Medical Imaging URL

            Read the entire page. (20 minutes)

            Rice University - 2022

          • Learning Activity 1 - Scenario Activity (90 minutes) Forum

            General Instructions

            In this activity, you will be given a series of questions and instructions where you will choose and explain imaging techniques and conduct research on each technique. In the second part of this activity, you will compare and contrast options between these techniques and indicate them in two different case studies. 

            Step 1 - Review

            Gather information about the following medical imaging techniques, their function and their use in medicine. Be sure to include information on the technology used, the procedure involved, the type of information obtained, and the advantages and disadvantages of each technique.

            1. X-rays
            2. CT scan
            3. PET scan
            4. MRI
            5. Ultrasound
            6. Endoscopy

            Review the following two case studies:

            Case Study 1:

            A 45-year-old woman presents to the emergency room with severe abdominal pain. She reports a history of gallstones and a gastric ulcer on another occasion and is concerned that she may have another episode. The doctor suspects cholecystitis but cannot rule out the already-treated gastric ulcer and wants a medical image to confirm the diagnosis.

            Case Study 2:

            A 65-year-old man presents to the primary care clinic with a persistent cough and shortness of breath. The physician suspects lung cancer and wants to obtain a medical image to evaluate the extent of the disease.

            Step 2 - Respond

            1st Part: 

            Analyze each medical imaging technique and write a description of 70 words for each one. Your analysis should include the following sections: 

            A. Introduction: provide a brief overview of the importance and correct technique of each medical imaging technique.

            B. Compare and contrast with other imaging techniques: mention in which cases it is the preferred imaging study according to its function. Mention the specificity of this study.

            2nd Part: 

            Describe in 100 words the patient's imaging technique recommended by the physician for each case study (200 words for both case studies). You should also compare and contrast the imaging techniques based on their strengths and limitations in diagnosing each patient's condition.

            Provide your opinion on which medical imaging technique is the most effective for each clinical case. Be sure to support your conclusion with evidence from your research and the content learned throughout the module.

            Step 3: Share 

            To share your work, click the “Add a new discussion topic” button under this post and paste your work into the “Message” box. Make sure to reference others’ intellectual property when necessary. All references should follow 7th Edition APA formatting. For further instructions, see the resource on the Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library: APA citation resource (N.B. references are excluded from word counts).

            Step 4: Interact 

            To complete the activity, you will need to reply to at least two posts made by your peers in a respectful and professional manner. Be sure your post engages your peers' ideas by including a reflection on their comments, sharing ideas on other potential difficulties and parties involved, or asking thought-provoking questions. If a peer comments on your posting, please reply. To post a reply, click “Reply” on a particular discussion, write your feedback and then click “Post to forum.

        • Module 1: Lesson 2: The Chemical Level of Organization

          Student Learning Outcomes:
          Upon completion of this module, students you will be able to:
          • Describe the fundamental composition of matter.
          • Identify the three subatomic particles.
          • Identify the four most abundant elements in the body.
          • Explain the relationship between an atom’s number of electrons and its relative stability.
          • Define homeostasis and explain its importance to normal human functioning.
          • Distinguish between ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds.
          • Explain how energy is invested, stored, and released via chemical reactions, particularly those reactions that are critical to life.
          • Explain the importance of the inorganic compounds that contribute to life, such as water, salts, acids, and bases.
          • Compare and contrast the four important classes of organic (carbon-based) compounds—proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids—according to their composition and functional importance to human life.
          Approximate time required for the readings for this lesson (at 144 words/minute): 5 hours and 54 minutes.

          Click here to start this lesson

          6 URLs
          • Required Learning Resources and Activities
          • Introduction URL

            Read the entire page. (3 minutes)

            Rice University - 2022

          • Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter URL

            Read the entire page. (34 minutes)

            Rice University - 2022

          • Chemical Bonds URL

            Read the entire page. (24 minutes)

            Rice University - 2022

          • Chemical Reactions URL

            Read the entire page. (23 minutes)

            Rice University - 2022

          • Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning URL

            Read the entire page. (34 minutes)

            Rice University - 2022

          • Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning URL

            Read the entire page. (59 minutes)

            Rice University - 2022

        • Module 1: Lesson 3: The Cellular Level of Organization

          Student Learning Outcomes:
          Upon completion of this module, students you will be able to:
          • Describe the structure and function of the cell membrane, including its regulation of materials into and out of the cell.
          • Describe the functions of the various cytoplasmic organelles.
          • Explain the structure and contents of the nucleus, as well as the process of DNA replication.
          • Explain the process by which a cell builds proteins using the DNA code.
          • List the stages of the cell cycle in order, including the steps of cell division in somatic cells.
          • Discuss how a cell differentiates and becomes more specialized.
          • List the morphological and physiological characteristics of some representative cell types in the human body.
          Approximate time required for the readings for this lesson (at 144 words/minute): 6 hours and 16 minutes.

          Click here to start this lesson

          7 URLs
          • Required Learning Resources and Activities
          • Introduction URL

            Read the entire page. (7 minutes)

            Rice University - 2022

          • The Cell Membrane URL

            Read the entire page. (55 minutes)

            Rice University - 2022

          • The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles URL

            Read the entire page. (36 minutes)

            Rice University - 2022

          • The Nucleus and DNA Replication URL

            Read the entire page. (20 minutes)

            Rice University - 2022

          • Protein Synthesis URL

            Read the entire page. (24 minutes)

            Rice University - 2022

          • Cell Growth and Division URL

            Read the entire page. (31 minutes)

            Rice University - 2022

          • Cellular Differentiation URL

            Read the entire page. (15 minutes)

            Rice University - 2022

        • Module 1: Lesson 4: The Tissue Level of Organization

          Student Learning Outcomes:
          Upon completion of this module, students you will be able to:
          • Identify the main tissue types and discuss their roles in the human body.
          • Identify the four types of tissue membranes and the characteristics of each that make them functional.
          • Explain the functions of various epithelial tissues and how their forms enable their functions.
          • Explain the functions of various connective tissues and how their forms enable their functions.
          • Describe the characteristics of muscle tissue and how these enable function.
          • Discuss how a cell differentiates and becomes more specialized.
          • Discuss the characteristics of nervous tissue and how these enable information processing and control of muscular and glandular activities.
          Approximate time required for the readings for this lesson (at 144 words/minute): 6 hours and 44 minutes.

          Click here to start this lesson

          7 URLs, 1 Forum, 1 Quiz
          • Required Learning Resources and Activities
          • Introduction URL

            Read the entire page. (3 minutes)

            Rice University - 2022

          • Types of Tissues URL

            Read the entire page. (22 minutes)

            Rice University - 2022

          • Epithelial Tissue URL

            Read the entire page. (55 minutes)

            Rice University - 2022

          • Connective Tissue Supports and Protects URL

            Read the entire page. (46 minutes)

            Rice University - 2022

          • Muscle Tissue and Motion URL

            Read the entire page. (8 minutes)

            Rice University - 2022

          • Nervous Tissue Mediates Perception and Response URL

            Read the entire page. (11 minutes)

            Rice University - 2022

          • Tissue Injury and Aging URL

            Read the entire page. (22 minutes)

            Rice University - 2022

          • Learning Activity 2 - Case scenario (60 minutes) Forum

            General Instructions

            In this activity, you will be given a series of questions where you will explain and analyze the biological and chemical reactions in the human body during and after exercising. The activity ends when you write a paragraph explaining to a patient the pathology of Rhabdomyolysis, what happens to the body, and how to take care of oneself and prevent this condition in the human body.

            Step 1 - Review

            Karl is a 38-year-old man who comes to the health center for cramps, pain, and weakness in both lower limbs that have lasted for 48 hours. He is a professional firefighter and practices sports regularly (athletics and cycling). The days before the clinical, he had been training for a long-term cycling race. Karl does not consume drugs or anabolic substances. 

            Karl remembers feeling cramps and dehydration. He sweated a lot, felt cold many times and could not drink water. On a steep slope, he felt dizzy and lost control. He was injured and had an open wound in which he could see his bone. He had no fractures but did feel a lot of pain, and the doctors did have to suture the wound.

            Step 2 - Respond

            Answer the first 6 questions accurately, and then, for question 7, read the paragraph carefully and explain the situation in no more than 300 words.


            1. What is the main component of skeletal muscles, and how does it aid in muscle contraction?
            2. Describe the role of calcium in muscle contraction.
            3. What is the process that activated Karl’s body at the moment of perspiring during the exercise?
            4. What tissues were injured? How were they recovering?
            5. How do treatments for muscle cramps differ depending on the cause of the cramps?
            6. How can an understanding of the chemical, cellular, and tissue levels of an organization help in preventing and treating muscle cramps in athletes?
            7. Karl refers to having been diagnosed with Rhabdomyolysis 2 years ago. He was treated and has recovered since then. He asks for an explanation about what is happening with his body to understand better and avoid a serious condition. Karl is in his second year at a biochemistry university and can understand technical language. 
            How would you explain to Karl his condition and the way to prevention? 

            Write a paragraph of a maximum of 300 words explaining the situation of this disease, what happens to his body when he exercises, and how he can avoid a severe relapse, taking into account his background.

            Step 3: Share 

            To share your work, click the “Add a new discussion topic” button under this post and paste your work into the “Message” box. Make sure to reference others’ intellectual property when necessary. All references should follow 7th Edition APA formatting. For further instructions, see the resource on the Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library: APA citation resource (N.B. references are excluded from word counts).

            Step 4: Interact

            To complete the activity, you will need to reply to at least two posts made by your peers respectfully and professionally. Be sure your post engages your peers' ideas by including a reflection on their comments, sharing ideas on other potential difficulties and parties involved, or asking thought-provoking questions. If a peer comments on your posting, please reply. To post a reply, click “Reply” on a particular discussion, write your feedback and then click “Post to forum.”

          • Quiz: Module 1

            To access the quiz, click on the name of the quiz provided above. On the following screen, click the "Preview quiz now" button to respond to the questions.

        • Module 2: Support and Movement

          In this module, you will explore the skin, the largest organ of the body, and will examine the body’s skeletal and muscular systems, following a traditional sequence of topics. You will through specific systems of the body, and as it does so, you will maintain a focus on homeostasis as well as those diseases and conditions that can disrupt it.

          • Module 2: Lesson 1: The Integumentary System

            Student Learning Outcomes:
            Upon completion of this module, students you will be able to:
            • Describe the integumentary system and the role it plays in homeostasis.
            • Describe the layers of the skin and the functions of each layer.
            • Describe the accessory structures of the skin and the functions of each.
            • Describe the changes that occur in the integumentary system during the aging process.
            • Discuss several common diseases, disorders, and injuries that affect the integumentary system.
            • Explain treatments for some common diseases, disorders, and injuries of the integumentary system.
            Approximate time required for the readings for this lesson (at 144 words/minute): 4 hours and 24 minutes.

            Click here to start this lesson

            5 URLs
            • Required Learning Resources and Activities

            • Introduction URL

              Read the entire page. (3 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Layers of the Skin URL

              Read the entire page. (47 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Accessory Structures of the Skin URL

              Read the entire page. (27 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Functions of the Integumentary System URL

              Read the entire page. (21 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System URL

              Read the entire page. (34 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

          • Module 2: Lesson 2: Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System

            Student Learning Outcomes:
            Upon completion of this module, students you will be able to:
            • List and describe the functions of bones.
            • Describe the classes of bones.
            • Discuss the process of bone formation and development.
            • Explain how bone repairs itself after a fracture.
            • Discuss the effect of exercise, nutrition, and hormones on bone tissue.
            • Describe how an imbalance of calcium can affect bone tissue.
            Approximate time required for the readings for this lesson (at 144 words/minute): 4 hours and 54 minutes.

            Click here to start this lesson

            8 URLs
            • Required Learning Resources and Activities
            • Introduction URL

              Read the entire page. (2 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • The Functions of the Skeletal System URL

              Read the entire page. (12 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Bone Classification URL

              Read the entire page. (8 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Bone Structure URL

              Read the entire page. (50 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Bone Formation and Development URL

              Read the entire page. (31 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Fractures: Bone Repair URL

              Read the entire page. (13 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Exercise, Nutrition, Hormones, and Bone Tissue URL

              Read the entire page. (23 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Calcium Homeostasis: Interactions of the Skeletal System and Other Organ Systems URL

              Read the entire page. (8 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

          • Module 2: Lesson 3: Axial Skeleton

            Student Learning Outcomes:
            Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
            • Describe the functions of the skeletal system and define its two major subdivisions.
            • Identify the bones and bony structures of the skull, the cranial suture lines, the cranial fossae, and the openings in the skull.
            • Discuss the vertebral column and regional variations in its bony components and curvatures.
            • Describe the components of the thoracic cage.
            • Discuss the embryonic development of the axial skeleton.
            Approximate time required for the readings for this lesson (at 144 words/minute): 6 hours and 4 minutes.

            Click here to start this lesson

            6 URLs
            • Required Learning Resources and Activities
            • Introduction URL

              Read the entire page. (6 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Divisions of the Skeletal System URL

              Read the entire page. (7 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • The Skull URL

              Read the entire page. (90 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • The Vertebral Column URL

              Read the entire page. (54 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • The Thoracic Cage URL

              Read the entire page. (10 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Embryonic Development of the Axial Skeleton URL

              Read the entire page. (15 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

          • Module 2: Lesson 4: The Appendicular Skeleton

            Student Learning Outcomes:
            Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
            • Discuss the bones of the pectoral and pelvic girdles, and describe how these unite the limbs with the axial skeleton.
            • Describe the bones of the upper limb, including the bones of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand.
            • Identify the features of the pelvis and explain how these differ between the adult male and female pelvis.
            • Describe the bones of the lower limb, including the bones of the thigh, leg, ankle, and foot.
            • Describe the embryonic formation and growth of the limb bones.
            Approximate time required for the readings for this lesson (at 144 words/minute): 4 hours and 48 minutes.

            Click here to start this lesson

            6 URLs
            • Required Learning Resources and Activities

            • Introduction URL

              Read the entire page. (3 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • The Pectoral Girdle URL

              Read the entire page. (19 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Bones of the Upper Limb URL

              Read the entire page. (36 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis URL

              Read the entire page. (29 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Bones of the Lower Limb URL

              Read the entire page. (38 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Development of the Appendicular Skeleton URL

              Read the entire page. (19 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

          • Module 2: Lesson 5: Joints

            Student Learning Outcomes:
            Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
            • Discuss both functional and structural classifications for body joints.
            • Describe the characteristic features for fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints and give examples of each.
            • Define and identify the different body movements.
            • Discuss the structure of specific body joints and the movements allowed by each.
            • Explain the development of body joints.
            Approximate time required for the readings for this lesson (at 144 words/minute): 5 hours and 54 minutes.

            Click here to start this lesson

            8 URLs
            • Required Learning Resources and Activities

            • Introduction URL

              Read the entire page. (6 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Classification of Joints URL

              Read the entire page. (13 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Fibrous Joints URL

              Read the entire page. (13 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Cartilaginous Joints URL

              Read the entire page. (11 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Synovial Joints URL

              Read the entire page. (39 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Types of Body Movements URL

              Read the entire page. (29 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints URL

              Read the entire page. (61 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Development of Joints URL

              Read the entire page. (5 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

          • Module 2: Lesson 6: Muscle Tissue

            Student Learning Outcomes:
            Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
            • Explain the organization of muscle tissue.
            • Describe the function and structure of skeletal, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle.
            • Explain how muscles work with tendons to move the body.
            • Describe how muscles contract and relax.
            • Define the process of muscle metabolism.
            • Explain how the nervous system controls muscle tension.
            • Relate the connections between exercise and muscle performance.
            • Explain the development and regeneration of muscle tissue.
            Approximate time required for the readings for this lesson (at 144 words/minute): 5 hours and 18 minutes.

            Click here to start this lesson

            10 URLs
            • Required Learning Resources and Activities

            • Introduction URL

              Read the entire page. (2 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Overview of Muscle Tissues URL

              Read the entire page. (6 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Skeletal Muscle URL

              Read the entire page. (28 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Muscle Fiber Contraction and Relaxation URL

              Read the entire page. (35 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension URL

              Read the entire page. (28 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Types of Muscle Fibers URL

              Read the entire page. (8 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Exercise and Muscle Performance URL

              Read the entire page. (18 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Cardiac Muscle Tissue URL

              Read the entire page. (8 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Smooth Muscle URL

              Read the entire page. (16 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Development and Regeneration of Muscle Tissue URL

              Read the entire page. (10 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

          • Module 2: Lesson 7: The Muscular System

            Student Learning Outcomes:
            Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
            • Describe the actions and roles of agonists and antagonists.
            • Explain the structure and organization of muscle fascicles and their role in generating force.
            • Explain the criteria used to name skeletal muscles.
            • Identify the skeletal muscles and their actions on the skeleton and soft tissues of the body.
            • Identify the origins and insertions of skeletal muscles and the prime movements.
            Approximate time required for the readings for this lesson (at 144 words/minute): 7 hours and 39 minutes

            Click here to start this lesson

            7 URLs, 2 Forums, 1 Quiz
            • Required Learning Resources and Activities

            • Introduction URL

              Read the entire page. (3 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems URL

              Read the entire page. (23 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Naming Skeletal Muscles URL

              Read the entire page. (12 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back URL

              Read the entire page. (39 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax URL

              Read the entire page. (23 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs URL

              Read the entire page. (35 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs URL

              Read the entire page. (37 minutes)

              Rice University - 2022

            • Learning Activity 3 - Activity (45 minutes) Forum

              General Instructions

              In this activity, you will have to analyze some images and fill in the characteristics of each one in the descriptive table. Pay attention to the items and describe them in detail with everything you have learned in the module.

              Step 1 - Review

              Look carefully at the images of the human body inside the red-edged squares:

              588386

              Step 2 - Respond

              Complete the table below.

              86

              Step 3: Share 

              To share your work, click the “Add a new discussion topic” button under this post and paste your work into the “Message” box. Make sure to reference others’ intellectual property when necessary. All references should follow 7th Edition APA formatting. For further instructions, see the resource on the Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library: APA citation resource (N.B. references are excluded from word counts).

              Step 4: Interact 

              To complete the activity, you will need to reply to at least two posts made by your peers respectfully and professionally. Be sure your post engages your peers' ideas by including a reflection on their comments, sharing ideas on other potential difficulties and parties involved, or asking thought-provoking questions. If a peer comments on your posting, please reply. To post a reply, click “Reply” on a particular discussion, write your feedback, and then click “Post to forum.”

            • Learning Activity 4 - Case Scenario (60 minutes) Forum

              General Instructions

              In this activity, you will examine some images, read the case scenario presented below, and follow the instructions. Use appropriate terminology to write the explanation you will develop after your analysis.

              Step 1 - Examine

              Examine the images and read the scenario about Alan.



              Alan is a 19-year-old young man who started training at the gym. He wants to build his triceps but does not know how. He recovered from a fractured humerus three months ago and wants to start building his pectorals and then move on to the triceps and biceps. His cousin, who is not an instructor, decided to help him by giving him the following instructions:

              “Dear Alan, 

              I recommend the exercise in the image. It is called the French Press. Someone told me it is ideal for adequate muscle hypertrophy in the pectorals. Repeating the exercise several times (you can start with four series of 35 repetitions) would be best until you feel pain and fatigue in the arms and chest (the reason is that your muscle is working). 

              I do not recommend you hydrate because your muscle does not need water to develop. Muscle mass needs protein and steroids to build correctly. Perform this exercise with the most significant weight you can lift. If your arms shake, continue exercising, and do not stop! And do not worry, your head cannot suffer any damage from exercising like this. Consume a lot of protein, eggs, and flan for collagen. Do not forget to run often when leaving the gym and stretch the muscle only one hour after exercise, so you will get quick results for the summer.”

              Step 2 - Respond

              Evaluate the instructions given to Alan by his cousin and then write new instructions for him using 500 words and the knowledge gained thus far. 

              Consider the following points:

              • What precautions should Alan take being a patient who suffered a humeral fracture?
              • Which joints are related to the humerus, and which muscles and muscle attachments?
              • What is the function of bones when lifting weights?
              • Explain the movement in this exercise, i.e., which muscles contract and extend in the first image and which in the second image? Why do you feel muscle pain when you exercise? What happens to muscle fibers when they tear? What is muscle hypertrophy? How are muscle fibers reconstructed?
              • Explain what would happen if the weight you are working with is too much. What would happen to your muscle? What damage could it suffer if it is overextended?
              • Which elements and nutrients are important for muscle metabolism?
              • Explain why hydration is important.

              Step 3: Share 

              To share your work, click the “Add a new discussion topic” button under this post and paste your work into the “Message” box. Make sure to reference others’ intellectual property when necessary. All references should follow 7th Edition APA formatting. For further instructions, see the resource on the Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library: APA citation resource (N.B. references are excluded from word counts).

              Step 4: Interact 

              To complete the activity, you will need to reply to at least two posts made by your peers respectfully and professionally. Be sure your post engages your peers' ideas by including a reflection on their comments, sharing ideas on other potential difficulties and parties involved, or asking thought-provoking questions. If a peer comments on your posting, please reply. To post a reply, click “Reply” on a particular discussion, write your feedback and then click “Post to forum.”

            • Quiz: Module 2

              To access the quiz, click on the name of the quiz provided above. On the following screen, click the "Preview quiz now" button to respond to the questions.

          • Module 3: Regulation, Integration, and Control

            This module helps you to answer questions about nervous and endocrine system control and regulation. In a break with the traditional sequence of topics, the special senses are integrated into the chapter on the somatic nervous system. The chapter on the neurological examination will offer you a unique approach to understanding nervous system function using five simple but powerful diagnostic tests.

            • Module 3: Lesson 1:The Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

              Student Learning Outcomes:
              Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
              • Name the major divisions of the nervous system, both anatomical and functional.
              • Describe the functional and structural differences between gray matter and white matter structures.
              • Name the parts of the multipolar neuron in order of polarity.
              • List the types of glial cells and assign each to the proper division of the nervous system, along with their function(s).