Course: War and Health

General

General
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War and Health Homepage
This War and Health course provides techniques that help reduce the negative impacts of war and violence on human health. All components of this training are free, including registration, learning, testing, and a certificate of completion. This course is intended for medical and public health trainees and practitioners.

This War and Health course was developed in partnership with International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, the European Medical Peace Work Network, Physicians for Social Responsibility, the University of Gezira, and the University of Haifa. Like all NextGenU courses, it is competency-based; this course utilizes competencies adapted from the European Medical Peace Work Network. In addition, the War and Health course uses resources from accredited, world-class organizations such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Physicians for Social Responsibility, the United Nations, and the World Health Organization. The War and Health course co-developers are Erica Frank, MD, MPH; George Holt, MD, MSE, MPH, MABE, D Bioethics, D HL; Yasmin Kassam, MPH candidate; and Sarah Youngblutt, Ph.D. candidate, supported by an Advisory Committee composed of: Thomas L. Hall, MD, DrPH; Shai Linn, MD, DrPH; and Dr.med. Klaus Melf, MPhil.

For a publication on this course’s efficacy, see “Building Public Health Capacity through Online Global Learning,” (2018), Open Praxis, to see more research related to NextGenU.org’s educational model, check out NextGenU.org’s publication page. Subscribe to our newsletter to be notified of future updates, new courses, and to be part of our community.

There are two components to this course. The first component involves completing the following 8 modules which provide:

1. An overview of the direct effects of war on public health, as well as indirect effects such as the displacement of native people and interpersonal violence;

2. Strategies to cope with the effects of war;

3. Overviews of some of the root causes of war and violence such as poverty and injustice

Approximate time required for the required readings for the course is 45 hours at an average reading rate of 144 words/minute; in addition, there are required activities.

At the end of each module, there is a practice quiz. At the end of the course, you will take a final exam; a chance to evaluate the course will also be provided.

In order to receive a certificate of completion, you will need to also complete the second component of the course, which includes four required peer activities.

The results of your assessments will be provided to you, and we can report your testing information and share your work with anyone you request (school, employer, etc.). We hope that you will find this a rewarding learning experience, and we count on your assessment and feedback to help us improve this training for future students.

The course requires completion of all required peer activities. At the end of each lesson, there is a practice quiz. At the end of the course, after you’ve completed each lesson, quiz, and activity, you’ll have access to a final exam, and a chance to assess the training. Once you’ve passed that last test, you will be able to download a certificate of completion from NextGenU.org and our course’s co-sponsoring organizations (listed above). We keep all of your personal information confidential, never sell any of your information, and only use anonymized data for research purposes, and we are also happy to report your testing information and share your work with anyone (your school, employer, etc.) at your request. We hope that you will find this a rewarding learning experience, and we count on your assessment and feedback to help us improve this training for future students.

Engaging with this Course:

You may browse this course for free to learn for your personal enrichment; there are no requirements.

To obtain a certificate of completion
- Show in the registration fields that you have the appropriate prerequisites to be certified. This course requires a high school diploma.
- Complete all the reading requirements.
- Complete all quizzes and pass with a 70% with unlimited attempts..
- Complete peer activities and associated certification quizzes.
- Successfully complete the final exam with a minimum of 70% and a maximum of 3 attempts.
- Complete the self and course evaluation forms.
To obtain credit
- Complete all requirements listed above for the certificate
- Your learning institution or workplace should approve the partner-university-sponsored NextGenU.org course for educational credit, as they would for their learner taking a course anywhere.
To obtain a degree co-sponsored with NextGenU.org, registrants must be enrolled in a degree program as a student of a NextGenU.org institutional partner. If you think that your institution might be interested in offering a degree with NextGenU.org contact us

Next Steps
Complete the registration form.

Begin the course with Module 1: Health Workers, Conflict, and Peace. In each lesson, read the description, complete all required readings and activities, and take the corresponding quizzes.
Module 1: Health Workers, Conflict, and Peace
Competencies covered in this module:
- Learn the basic terminology for public health issues in war and health
- Describe the magnitude and impact of violence in a global context
- Know the types of interventions and policy responses that have been tried against violence
- Learn the potential and limitations of health workers in preventing and mitigating conflict
- Consider the place of public health in humanitarian aid and peace-building
- Understand human rights issues around war and health
- Develop skills required to teach emergency preparedness to students in the health care professions
Click here for the brief module introduction
- Globally, violence can take many forms. It can be hidden from view in the privacy of the home or the workplace, or it can take the form of collective violence, such as war or acts of terrorism. Victims of violence can be innocent civilians, soldiers, "terrorists", or any others involved in the waging of war.
  After completing this module, you will gain a better understanding of violence in a global context, in all its forms, and of the direct and indirect effects of violence on public health. Module 1 consists of one lesson, with its own resources, an activity, and a quiz.
Module 1: Lesson 1: Health Workers, Conflict, and Peace
Learning Objectives
- Learn about the different sources of violence and appropriate public health worker responses.
- Learn about the role of and constraints on health workers in preventing and/or mitigating destructiveness.
- Consider the place of public health in humanitarian aid and peace building.
- Become familiar with The Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
- Learn a process and list competencies for the skills necessary for teaching emergency preparedness to students in the health care professions.
Approximate time required for the readings for this lesson (at 144 words/minute): 4 hours and 44 minutes.
Click here to start this module
9 URLs
- Required Learning Resources and Activities
- MPW Course 1: Health workers, conflict and peace URL
  
  Read this course for a general overview of the role of health workers in peace-building as well as to learn the basic terminology and strategies for peace related work.
- World report on violence and health URL
  Read Chapter 8 titled "Collective Violence" (page 213-237). It defines collective violence and the importance of studying it. This chapter also outlines the factors that affect collective violence, and the role played by health professionals in its prevention.
- Peace building through health initiatives URL
  Read this article. Understand the role health workers play in preventing and mitigating conflict, as well as the limitations for health profesionals on this subject.
- Quiz: Module 1: Lesson 1
  Restricted Not available unless:
  The activity Course Registration is marked complete
  The activity Pre-Test is marked complete
  
  To access the quiz, click on the name of the quiz provided above. On the following screen, click the "Preview quiz now" button to respond to the questions.
- Additional Learning Options
- World report on violence and health URL
  Read Chapters 2-7 and 9 to learn more about several different forms of violence -- self-inflicted violence, violence toward family members (including children and the elderly), and sexual violence. Collective violence (chapter 8) was already read in this Module. Reflect on ways in which a better understanding can help prevent violence.
- World report on violence and health URL
  Read Chapter 1 titled "Violence - a global public health problem" (pages 1-19) to get a clearer overview of violence, what it means, its impact on global health and how to prevent it with a public health approach.
- Public health and complex emergencies: New issues, new conditions URL
  Read this article to understand the role public health plays in humanitarian aid and peace-building. Consider the multiple roles and the complexity of public health in terms of peace-building and the defense of human rights.
- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights URL
  Read this document to get an overview of The Declaration of Human Rights, in order to understand its relationship with public health.
- Preparing health professions students for terrorism, disaster, and public health emergencies: Core competencies URL
  Read this paper to understand the importance of developing competencies for teaching emergency preparedness to students in health care professions. Review the list of competencies and possible useful strategies and concepts.
- Natural Disasters, Armed Conflict, and Public Health URL
  Read the article. It describes the connections between armed conflict, public health, and the changing climate.
Module 2: Medicine, Health and Human Rights
Competency covered in this module:
- Understand the relationships between health care, medicine, and human rights.
Click here for the brief module introduction
- After reading the resources and completing the activity in this module, you will have a better understanding of the relationship between health care and human rights.
  You will also become familiar with basic international humanitarian law, human rights, and the ethical codes that regulate health professions. Module 2 consists of one lesson, with its own resources, an activity, and a quiz.
Module 2: Lesson 1: Medicine, Health and Human Rights
Learning Objectives:
- Understand the relationships between health care, medicine, and human rights.
Approximate time required for the readings for this lesson (at 144 words/minute):
3 hours and 34 minutes.

Click here to start this lesson
5 URLs, 1 File, 1 Quiz
- Required Learning Resources and Activities
- The Right to Health: Fact Sheet No. 31 URL
  Read Chapter 1 titled "I. What is the Right to Health?" (pages 3-11) to understand the relationship between health care and human rights, including how these two interact and are dependent upon each other.
- MPW course 2: Medicine, health and human rights URL
  Read this course to understand the relationship between international humanitarian law and human rights, as well as the ethical codes regulating the health professions. Understand the health worker's responsibility to promote and defend the right to health.
- Health and Human Rights (in the Health and Human Rights Journal - Volume 1 Issue 1) URL
  Scroll down and click on the link to download the article titled "Health and Human Rights" by Johnathan Mann et al. Read this article to understand the relationship between health care and human rights. Understand how the potential collaboration between health care and human rights as well as the violations of human rights have impacts on health.
- Essential medicines and human rights: What can they learn from each other? URL
  Read this article and learn about the ways in which human rights and public health have influenced the availability and definition of essential medicines.
- Ukraine crisis Public Health Situation Analysis – Refugee-hosting countries 17 March 2022 File 1.6MB PDF document
  Read "Key health risks" (pgs. 2-4).
- Russia's War in Ukraine- The Devastation of Health and Human Rights URL
  Read the entire article.
- Quiz: Module 2: Lesson 1
  To access the quiz, click on the name of the quiz provided above. On the following screen, click the "Preview quiz now" button to respond to the questions.
Module 3: War, Weapons and Conflict Strategies
Competencies covered in this module:
- Be able to describe how war, weapons, and strategies of violent conflicts impact health
- Gain knowledge of basic international humanitarian law, human rights, and the ethical codes that regulate health professions
- Examine the link between the different weapons used in war
- Learn about biological and chemical weapons and understand how governments prepare responses to such weapons
- Learn about the direct and indirect consequences of landmines on public health
- Learn about firearms as a public health concern
Click here for the brief module introduction
- What are the different weapons that are used in modern warfare, and what are their direct and indirect effects on public health? After reading the resources for this module, you will become more familiar with the different kinds of modern weapons, including firearms, landmines, biological and chemical weapons.
  The resources and activities of this module also show the effects of those weapons on public health. Module 3 consists of four lessons, each with its own resources and quizzes, and one with an additional learning activity.
Module 3: Lesson 1: Weapons and Health
Learning Objectives:
- Understand the health effects of war as well as the weapons and strategies of violent conflict.
- Become familiar with the range of weapons used in modern warfare.
- Examine the wide-ranging social issues associated with war.
- Gain a basic understanding of international humanitarian law, human rights, and the ethical codes that regulate the health professions.
- Examine the link between different weapons used in modern wars and their potential to injure civilians.
Approximate time required for the readings for this lesson (at 144 words/minute): 6 hours and 49 minutes.

Click here to start this module
5 URLs, 1 File, 1 Quiz
- Required Learning Resources and Activities
- MPW Course 3: War, weapons and conflict strategies URL
  Read this course to gain an understanding of the health effects of war, weapons, and strategies of violent conflict. Consider how these influence health and what can be done to prevent and mitigate them.
- Effect of type and transfer of conventional weapons on civilian injuries: Retrospective analysis of prospective data from Red Cross hospitals URL
  Read this article to examine the link between different weapons used in modern wars and their potential to injure civilians.
- Civil War Veterans and Opiate Addiction URL
  Watch the entire video. The video explained how prescribing opium and morphine -- common treatments used for wartime injuries -- grew into lifelong drug dependence for many. (73 minutes)
- Impact of war on the dynamics of Covid-19 in Ukraine File 135.6KB PDF document
  Read the entire article.
- Mortality in Iraq Associated with the 2003–2011 War and Occupation: Findings from a National Cluster Sample Survey by the University Collaborative Iraq Mortality Study URL
  Read this article to learn about the direct and indirect deaths attributable to the war in Iraq between 2003 and 2011.
- Quiz: Module 3: Lesson 1
  To access the quiz, click on the name of the quiz provided above. On the following screen, click the "Preview quiz now" button to respond to the questions.
- Additional Learning Options
- How has the war impacted Ukraine's environment URL
  Read the following sections:
  - Environmental damage in Ukraine
  - Long term health risks
  - Unsafe water supply
  - Military waste in Ukraine
  - Nature in Ukraine is suffering
  - Toxic weaponry
Module 3: Lesson 2: Biological and Chemical Weapons
Learning Objectives
- Learn about biological and chemical weapons, including why their development, production and use are problematic and hazardous to those who would seek to use them and their victims
- Understand how and why governments seek to prevent the use of biological and chemical weapons and prepare and develop response plans as an integral part of national emergency and public health plans
Approximate time required for the readings for this lesson (at 144 words/minute): 1hours and 18 minutes.

Click here to start this module
1 URL, 1 Quiz
- Required Learning Resources and Activities
- Public health response to biological and chemical weapons: WHO guidance URL
  Read all sections of chapter 3 within this report from the World Health Organization. You will learn about biological and chemical weapons.
- Quiz: Module 3: Lesson 2
  To access the quiz, click on the name of the quiz provided above. On the following screen, click the "Preview quiz now" button to respond to the questions.
Module 3: Lesson 3: Landmines
Learning Objective:
- Learn about the direct and indirect consequences of landmines on public health.
Approximate time required for the readings for this lesson (at 144 words/minute): 1 hours and 13 minutes.

Click here to start this module
1 URL, 1 Quiz
- Required Learning Resources and Activities
- Direct and indirect consequences of landmines on public health URL
  Read this report to learn more about landmines and their impact on public health.
- Quiz: Module 3: Lesson 3
  To access the quiz, click on the name of the quiz provided above. On the following screen, click the "Preview quiz now" button to respond to the questions.
Module 3: Lesson 4: Firearms
Learning Objective
- Learn about the public health concerns regarding firearms
Approximate time required for the readings for this lesson (at 144 words/minute): 55 mins
Click here to start this module
1 URL, 1 Quiz
- Required Learning Resources and Activities
- Small arms and global health URL
  Read this report and learn about the public health concerns regarding firearms.
- Quiz: Module 3: Lesson 4
  To access the quiz, click on the name of the quiz provided above. On the following screen, click the "Preview quiz now" button to respond to the questions.
Module 4: Nuclear Weapons and War
Competencies covered in this module:
- Learn about the history of nuclear weapons
- Understand the role of health care professionals in anti-nuclear weapon campaigns
- Consider the historical and contemporary perspectives on nuclear arms control from world leaders
- Learn about the public health issues caused by nuclear war
- Consider the risks involved if terrorists were to obtain nuclear weapons
- Learn about the major treaties regarding nuclear weapons
- Consider the aftermath of a nuclear attack on a major metropolitan area
Click here for the brief module introduction
- How might nuclear warfare affect health? After reading the resources for this module, you will become more familiar with the history of nuclear weapons in war, perspectives on nuclear arms, and the potential effects of nuclear weapons on public health and security.
  The resources and activities of this module also show the effects of those weapons on public health. Module 4 consists of two lessons, each with its own resources and quizzes, and one with an additional learning activity.
Module 4: Lesson 1: Nuclear Weapons
Learning Objectives
- Learn about the history of nuclear weapons
- Learn about the impact of health care professionals in anti-nuclear weapon campaigns
- Learn about the major policy obstacles faced by nuclear-armed states that might wish to eliminate their weapons
- Learn about the real and lasting threats from nuclear war on public health
Approximate time required for the readings for this lesson (at 144 words/minute): 6 hours and 59 minutes.

Click here to start this module
8 URLs, 1 Quiz
- Required Learning Resources and Activities
- Nuclear Weapons 60 Years On: Still a Global Public Health Threat URL
  Read this article and learn about the influence that health care professionals can have in anti-nuclear weapon campaigns.
- Reducing and eliminating nuclear weapons: Country perspectives on the challenges to nuclear disarmament URL
  Read this report and learn about major policy obstacles that stand in the way of the nuclear-armed states deciding to eliminate their weapons.
- Nuclear famine: Two Billion People at Risk URL
  Read the report and learn about the impacts and threats a nuclear war could have on public health.
- Nuclear weapons illegality: The public health case URL
  Read this article and learn about the legality of nuclear weapons use and the issues of real and lasting threats to public health.
- Quiz: Module 4: Lesson 1
  To access the quiz, click on the name of the quiz provided above. On the following screen, click the "Preview quiz now" button to respond to the questions.
- Additional Learning Options
- Global zero - Get the Facts URL
  Click on the interactive map and read the text below the map to learn more about nuclear weapons around the world.
- The U.S. and nuclear terrorism: Still dangerously unprepared URL
  Read the report and learn about appropriate precautions and responses to nuclear terrorism.
- Treaty between the United States of America and the Russian Federation on measures for the further reduction and limitation of strategic offensive arms URL
  Read this treaty to learn about the agreement that was signed in 2010 between the United States of America and the Russian Federation on measures for the further reduction and limitation of strategic offensive arms.
- Nuclear Famine: Climate and Health Effects of Regional Nuclear War URL
  Read the fact sheet to learn about the environmental changes and threats that would be caused by a nuclear war.
Module 4: Lesson 2: Nuclear Power and Health
Learning Objective
- Learn how nuclear power generation impacts the health of local populations
approximate time required for the readings for this lesson (at 144 words/minute): 30 minutes
Click here to start this module
3 URLs, 1 Quiz
- Required Learning Resources and Activities
- Childhood leukemia and cancers near German nuclear reactors: Significance, context, and ramifications of recent studies URL
  Read this article and learn about the possible health consequences of using nuclear power as a source of energy.
- Quiz: Module 4: Lesson 2
  To access the quiz, click on the name of the quiz provided above. On the following screen, click the "Preview quiz now" button to respond to the questions.
- Additional Learning Options
- Nuclear tipping point - Watch URL
  Watch the 55-minute version of the film.
- Unfurling the nuclear mystery after Fukushima
  Read this article from the Vancouver Observer to learn more about the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster and its later impacts.
Module 5: Structural Violence and the Underlying Causes of Violent Conflict
Competencies covered in this module:
- Examine the relationships between poverty, development, and violent conflict
- Consider the underlying causes of structural violence
- Learn about the relationship between structural violence and clinical medicine
Click here for the brief module introduction
- What are some of the issues that contribute to human violence? What are the relationships between development, poverty, and violence? What is structural violence, and what is its relationship to public health?
  After reading the resources and participating in the activity of this module, you will become familiar with some of the underlying social causes of violent conflict. Module 5 consists of one lesson, with its own resources, an activity, and a quiz.
Module 5: Lesson 1: Structural Violence and the Underlying Causes of Violent Conflict
Learning Objectives
- Examine the relationships between poverty, development, and violent conflict
- Examine the underlying causes of structural violence at both the local and global levels
- Become familiar with the terminology of development and core issues such as poverty, inequality, and health as a basis for understanding the underlying causes of structural violence at both the local and global levels
- Learn about the relationship between structural and clinical medicine
Approximate time required for the readings for this lesson (at 144 words/minute): 5 hours and 25 minutes.

Click here to start this module
4 URLs, 1 Quiz
- Required Learning Resources and Activities
- MPW Course 4: Structural violence and the underlying causes of violent conflict URL
  Read this course and examine the interconnections between poverty, development, and violent conflict.
- Structural violence and clinical medicine URL
  Read this article and understand the relationship between structural violence and the work done in clinical practice.
- Organised violence as a never- ending story? Reflections in light of the Russian aggression against Ukraine URL
  Read the content under "Introduction" and "Conclusion."
- Quiz: Module 5: Lesson 1
  To access the quiz, click on the name of the quiz provided above. On the following screen, click the "Preview quiz now" button to respond to the questions.
- Additional Learning Options
- Implication of the Russia - Ukraine war for global food security URL
  Read the entire article.
Module 6: Peace through Health in Violent Conflict
Competencies covered in this module:
- Learn about the relationships between medicine, warfare, and militarization
- Understand how armed conflicts affect the provision of medical aid
- Consider peace-building through improving health care
Click here for the brief module introduction
- How does war interfere with the provision of medical care? Is there a link between providing good health care and peace-building?
  After reading the resources and participating in the activity of this module, you will understand the relationships between medicine, warfare, and militarization. You will also better appreciate public health as a tool for peace-building. Module 6 consists of one lesson, with its own resources, an activity, and a quiz.
Module 6: Lesson 1: Peace through Health in Violent Conflict
Learning Objective:
- Become familiar with the ways in which health professionals promote peace, prevent conflict, and decrease its effects in multiple ways
- Consider alternative approaches to peace-building through health care
Approximate time required for the readings for this lesson (at 144 words/minute): 3 hours and 52 minutes.

Click here to start this module
3 URLs, 1 Quiz
- Required Learning Resources and Activities
- MPW Course 5: Peace through health in violent conflict URL
  Read this course and describe key aspects of the history of war and medicine. Pay attention to the ways in which health and health care are influenced by war.
- Peace Through Health and Its Potential as a Transformative Lens (in The Meducator is McMaster University's undergraduate Health Sciences Journal) URL
  Scroll down and click on the link to download the article titled "Peace Through Health and Its Potential as a Transformative Lens" by Dr. Nancy Doubleday. Read this article and learn about alternative aproaches for building peace through health care.
- Quiz: Module 6: Lesson 1
  To access the quiz, click on the name of the quiz provided above. On the following screen, click the "Preview quiz now" button to respond to the questions.
- Additional Learning Options
- Neighbors and Enemies: Lessons to Be Learned from the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict Regarding Cooperation in Public Health URL
  Read this article to learn about how collaboration can positively affect public health, even in areas and times of conflict.
Module 7: Refugee and Migration Challenges
Competencies covered in this module:
- Understand the immediate public health needs of refugees and immigrants
- Develop skills for the provision of culturally sensitive health care
- Learn about the common mental health problems of immigrants and refugees
Click here for the brief module introduction
- War inevitably displaces populations, producing refugees, immigrants, and asylum seekers. What are some of the public health needs of all of these populations?
  After reading the resources in this module, you will gain a better understanding of the public health needs of refugee, immigrant, and asylum seeking populations, including mental health needs. You will also develop skills for the provision of culturally sensitive health care. Module 7 consists of one lesson, with its own resources, an activity, and a quiz.
Module 7: Lesson 1: Refugee and Migration Challenges
Learning Objectives
- Learn about the health and well-being needs of refugees and immigrants
- Become aware of the psycho social impacts of violent conflicts and their aftermath, including the journey into exile
- Develop skills in the provision of culturally sensitive health care and address ethical dilemmas in relation to health and refugee work
- Learn how physicians in host countries can meet the complex medical needs of refugees
- Learn about the mental health problems common to immigrants and refugees and the associated primary care
Approximate time required for the readings for this lesson (at 144 words/minute): 7 hours and 35 minutes.

Click here to start this module
4 URLs, 1 Forum, 1 Quiz
- Required Learning Resources and Activities
- MPW Course 6: Refugee and migration challenges URL
  Read this course and learn about the ethical implications of dealing with immigrants and refugees and providing them with health care. Describe and understand their needs in terms of their health and well-being.
- Healthcare challenges from the developing world: Post-immigration refugee medicine URL
  Read this article and understand the special needs of refugees in terms of health care. Learn the competencies required to effectively provide medical care to refugees.
- Mental Health, Alcohol and Substance Use of Refugee Youth URL
  Read the content under the heading "Introduction", "Discussion" and "Conclusion". (20 minutes)
- Activity: Discussion Forum 1 (155 minutes)
  In this learning activity, you will discuss common risk factors among immigrants and refugees for developing a substance use disorder and its link with underlying mental health conditions.
  Instructions:
  Step 1: Review [30 minutes]
  Read all the required material for this lesson.
  Step 2: Respond [105 minutes]
  Analyze and prepare a 300-400 word discussion piece addressing the following key points as it relates to the public health needs of refugees and immigrants :
  The prevalence of substance use disorders among refugees and migrants
  Potential risk factors that can lead to substance use disorders and mental health conditions
  Protective factors against substance use disorders for migrants and refugees; access to mental health and addiction services
  Step 3: Share [10 minutes]
  To share your work, click on the “Add a new discussion topic” button under this post and paste your work into the “Message” box. Make sure to reference others’ intellectual property when necessary. All references should follow 7th Edition APA formatting. For further instructions, see the resource on the Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library: APA citation resource (N.B. references are excluded from word counts).
  Step 4: Interact [10 minutes]
  To complete the activity, you will need to reply to at least two posts made by your peers in a respectful and professional manner. Ensure that your post engages your peers' ideas by including a reflection on their comments, sharing ideas of other potential difficulties and parties involved, or asking thought-provoking questions. If a peer comments on your posting, please reply. To post a reply, click “Reply” on a particular discussion, write your feedback and then click on “Post to forum.”
- Quiz: Module 7: Lesson 1
  To access the quiz, click on the name of the quiz provided above. On the following screen, click the "Preview quiz now" button to respond to the questions.
- Additional Learning Options
- Common mental health problems in immigrants and refugees: general approach in primary care URL
  Read this article to learn how to recognize and appropriately treat mental health problems among refugees and immigrants.
Module 8: Violence and Human Health
Competencies covered in this module:
- Define the different types of conflict-related violence, including community violence, domestic violence, and suicide
- Describe the risk factors and prevention strategies for each type of violence
- Learn about Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), specifically when it starts and how affected individuals can be helped
- Learn the best practices to address violence during and after a disaster
- Learn how to respond to violence through early and proactive action using a public health approach
- Become familiar with the terminology and best practices to prevent and respond to self-directed violence (SDV)
Click here for the brief module introduction
- How does interpersonal violence or self-inflicted violence become one of the consequences of war? How can public health address Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and other hidden consequences of war?
  After reading the resources in this module and participating in its activity, you will be able to define different types of conflict-related violence, including community violence, domestic violence, and suicide. You will also be able to describe the risk factors and the prevention strategies associated with each type of violence. Module 8 consists of one lesson, with its own resources, an activity, and a quiz.
Module 8: Lesson 1: Prevention of Interpersonal & Self-Directed Violence
Learning Objectives
- Examine the origin and the extent of different types of violence, including community violence, domestic violence and suicide
- Identify the risk factors as well as the prevention strategies for each type of violence
- Learn what is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), when it starts, and how to help those who are affected by it
- Learn the best practices to address violence during and after a disaster
Approximate time required for the readings for this lesson (at 144 words/minute): 2 hours and 36 minutes.

Click here to start this module
4 URLs, 1 Quiz
- Required Learning Resources and Activities
- MPW Course 7: Prevention of interpersonal and self-directed violence URL
  Read this course and consider the origin and extent of different types of violence at the micro level, including community violence, domestic violence and suicide.
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder URL
  Read this report to learn about Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Understand the key points of its etiology, its signs and symptoms, as well as its diagnosis and treatment.
- Predictable, Preventable: Best Practices for Addressing Interpersonal and Self-Directed Violence During and After Disasters URL
  Read this text to learn about the best practices to address violence during and after disasters and to learn how to respond through early and proactive action using a public health approach.
- Quiz: Module 8: Lesson 1
  To access the quiz, click on the name of the quiz provided above. On the following screen, click the "Preview quiz now" button to respond to the questions.
- Additional Learning Options
- Self-directed Violence Surveillance: Uniform Definitions and Recommended Data Elements URL
  Read the document to learn about current terminology and best practices regarding self-directed violence (SDV), an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide.
Module 8: Lesson 2: Providing Psychosocial Support
Learning Objectives:
- Explain the negative ramifications of armed conflict on the psychosocial well-being of civilians.
- Break down issues of substance use among active-duty military personnel and veterans.
- Outline psychosocial and substance abuse support strategies and interventions for individuals affected by armed conflict.
Click here to start this lesson
6 URLs, 1 Quiz, 1 SCORM package
- Required Learning Resources and Activities
- Long-Term Impact of War, Civil War, and Persecution in Civilian Populations—Conflict and Post-Traumatic Stress in African Communities URL
  Read the content from the heading "The Events of Mass War-Trauma" up to "Atypical Mental Health Problems of Mass Trauma in Africa."
- Substance Use and Military Life DrugFacts URL
  Read the entire page up to the heading "Addressing the problem".
- Substance Use and Military Life DrugFacts URL
  Read the content from the heading "Addressing the problem" to the end of the page.
- Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support URL
  Read the content under the heading "Types of Interventions" on pages 13-15.
- Mental Health Provider Podcast: Treating Substance Abuse amongst Veterans URL
  Watch the entire webinar. (75 minutes)
- Quiz: Module 8: Lesson 2
  To access the quiz, click on the name of the quiz provided above. On the following screen, click the "Preview quiz now" button to respond to the questions.
- Quiz 2 Module 8: Lesson 2 SCORM package
  To access the quiz, click on the name of the quiz provided above. On the following screen, click the "Preview quiz now" button to respond to the questions.
- Additional Learning Options
- Substance use disorders in military veterans: prevalence and treatment challenges URL
  Read the content under the heading "treatment".
Final Exam

Click here to start Final Examination
- Final Exam Quiz
  Restricted Not available unless any of:
  All of:
  The activity Course Registration is marked complete
  The activity Pre-Test is marked complete
  The activity Quiz: Module 1: Lesson 1 is marked complete
  The activity Quiz: Module 2: Lesson 1 is marked complete
  The activity Quiz: Module 3: Lesson 1 is marked complete
  The activity Quiz: Module 3: Lesson 2 is marked complete
  The activity Quiz: Module 3: Lesson 3 is marked complete
  The activity Quiz: Module 3: Lesson 4 is marked complete
  The activity Quiz: Module 4: Lesson 1 is marked complete
  The activity Quiz: Module 4: Lesson 2 is marked complete
  The activity Quiz: Module 5: Lesson 1 is marked complete
  The activity Quiz: Module 6: Lesson 1 is marked complete
  The activity Quiz: Module 7: Lesson 1 is marked complete
  The activity Quiz: Module 8: Lesson 1 is marked complete
  The activity Quiz: Module 8: Lesson 2 is marked complete
  You belong to Public Health U
  You belong to Miami Med
  
  To take the final exam, you must complete all quizzes and complete all the required activities. The final exam consists of 50 questions, and you will have 50 minutes to complete it. When the time is over, you will have two minutes to submit your attempt before it expires, and your progress is discarded. You will not be able to answer additional questions in the grace period.
  To access the exam, click on the name of the exam provided above. On the following screen, click the Preview quiz now button to respond to the questions.
Course and Self Evaluation & Certificate

In this section, you can provide feedback about this course to help us make NextGenU.org better. Once evaluations are completed, you will be able to download your certificate of completion.

Click here give your feedback
- Course Evaluations Questionnaire
  Restricted Not available unless: The activity Final Exam is marked complete
- Self Evaluations Questionnaire
  Restricted Not available unless: The activity Final Exam is marked complete

To obtain a certificate of completion

Competencies covered in this module:

Learning Objectives

Required Learning Resources and Activities

Additional Learning Options

Competency covered in this module:

Learning Objectives:

Required Learning Resources and Activities

Competencies covered in this module:

Learning Objectives:

Required Learning Resources and Activities

Additional Learning Options

Learning Objectives

Required Learning Resources and Activities

Learning Objective:

Required Learning Resources and Activities

Learning Objective

Required Learning Resources and Activities

Competencies covered in this module:

Learning Objectives

Required Learning Resources and Activities

Additional Learning Options

Learning Objective

Required Learning Resources and Activities

Additional Learning Options

Competencies covered in this module:

Learning Objectives

Required Learning Resources and Activities

Additional Learning Options

Competencies covered in this module:

Learning Objective:

Required Learning Resources and Activities

Additional Learning Options

Competencies covered in this module:

Learning Objectives

Required Learning Resources and Activities

Additional Learning Options

Competencies covered in this module:

Learning Objectives

Required Learning Resources and Activities

Additional Learning Options

Learning Objectives:

Required Learning Resources and Activities

Additional Learning Options