Research Methods: Resources

Section	Name	Description
Module 1: Lesson 1: The History of Research and Evolution of Key Terminologies	Glossary of Research Terms.	Read the entire page. (28 minutes) University of Southern California - 2020
	Perspective: Dimensions of the scientific method	Read the entire page except for the "References" section. (35 minutes) PLOS Computational Biology - 2019
	The Scientific Method.	Read the key takeaway titles under Roots of the Scientific Method. (11 minutes) Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - 2015
	Timeline of the Human Condition — Milestones in Evolution and History	Read the following sections: 8. Technological Revolution” and 9. Sustainability Revolution. (33 minutes) University of Southampton, United Kingdom - 2021
	Addiction Medicines Under Development	Read the entire webpage and watch the entire video The video explores how science leads to new developments of addiction medicines. (60 minutes)
	Scientific Method	Read the information under the headings "Scientific Method" and "Discourse on scientific method". (16 minutes) Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - 2021

Module 1: Lesson 2: Research Theory: Paradigms, Methodologies, and Designs in Health Research	An Expose of the Relationship between Paradigm, Method and Design in Research.	Read the content under the heading "Introduction" and "Research Paradigms" until the end of the article. (64 minutes) The Qualitative Report. - 2017
	Research Paradigms: A Slippery Slope for Fresh Researchers	Read the entire article. (34 minutes) Life Science Journal - 2013
	Understanding Depression from Different Paradigms: Toward an Eclectic Social Work Approach	Read content under the following headings: "Abstract, Introduction, Paradigm, Post-Positivist Paradigm, Social Constructivist Paradigm, Critical Theory Paradigm". (21 minutes) British Journal of Social Work - 2015
	Understanding and Applying Research Paradigms in Educational Contexts	Read the content under Section 2 on page 26: "What Are the Essential Elements of a Research Paradigm? Pertinent Literature". (14 minutes) International Journal of Higher Education - 2017

Module 1: Lesson 3: Research Ethics and Integrity	Importance of consent in the research	Read the entire article. (8 minutes) International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health - 2020
	What is Ethics in Research & Why is it Important?	Read from page 1 to page 5. (11 minutes) National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences - 2013
	Guiding Principles for Ethical Research.	Read the entire page. (5 minutes) National Institutes of Health - 2016
	Foundations of Integrity in Research: Core Values and Guiding Norms.	Read the entire article. (35 minutes) National Academy of Sciences - 2017
	Research Ethics Timeline	Read entire page. (46 minutes) National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences - 2021
	The Nuremberg Code 70 Years Later	Read the entire article. (10 minutes) JAMA Network American Medical Association - 2017
	The Belmont Report at 40: Reckoning With Time	Read all sections except for Acknowledgment and References. (16 minutes) American Public Health Association - 2018
	Ethical Challenges of Researchers in Qualitative Studies: The Necessity to Develop a Specific Guideline.	Read the entire article. (21 minutes) Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine - 2014
	How to obtain informed consent for research	Read the entire article. (22 minutes) NCBI - 2018
	Ethical Issues in Research Involving Participants With Opioid Use Disorder	Read the entire article. (20 minutes) Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science - 2018

Module 2: Lesson 1: Research Problems and Research Questions	Formulating the Research Problem	Read the entire page. (2 minutes) University of London - 2014
	Research Problem: Identification and Formulation	Read the entire article. (17 minutes) International Journal of Research (IJR)-2014
	Mixed-Methods Research	Read the entire article. (18 minutes) Stanford University - 2016
	Formulation of Research Question – Stepwise Approach	Read the entire article. (19 minutes) Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons - 2019
	Difference between Quantitative and Qualitative Research Question-PICO vs. SPIDER	Read the entire Document except the "References" part. (19 minutes) American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) - 2021
	Quantitative Research Questions.	Read the entire page and the next page for qualitative research questions. (16 minutes) Mavs Open Press Open Educational Resources from the University of Texas at Arlington - 2018

Module 2: Lesson 2: Research Aims and Research Objectives	Setting a research question, aim and objective	Read the following sections: Aims, Objectives, and Conclusion. (10 minutes) Nurse Researcher - 2016
	Developing Research Aims and Objectives	Read the entire journal article. (26 minutes) Sage - 2013

Module 2: Lesson 3: Research Hypotheses	Original Research: Creating a Hypothesis	Read the entire page. (1 minute) Austin Peay State University - 2021
	Research Questions and Hypotheses	Read the content under the heading "Quantitative Research Questions and Hypotheses" on pages 132 to 136, and "Mixed Methods Research Questions and Hypotheses" on pages 138 to 143. (30 minutes) Sage Publishing. - 2008
	Visually Hypothesising in Scientific Paper Writing: Confirming and Refuting Qualitative Research Hypotheses Using Diagrams	Read the following sections: Abstract 3.3.What Is a Research Hypothesis? 3.4. Analogical Arguments in Support of Using Hypotheses 3.5. Can a Hypothesis Be “Tested” in Qualitative Research? 4. The Process of Developing and Using Hypotheses in Qualitative Research. (15 minutes) MDPI or Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute - 2019
	Developing Research Questions: Hypotheses and Variables	Read the content under the sections: "Formulating Hypotheses" and "Variables of Interest". (7 minutes) University of Central Arkansas - 2013
	Qualitative versus Quantitative Research	Read entire table. (2 minutes) Xavier University - 2012

Module 3: Lesson 1: Quantitative Study Designs	A nurses’ guide to the hierarchy of research designs and evidence	Read the entire document. (16 minutes) Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing - 2016
	Evidence-Based Research: Levels of Evidence Pyramid	Read the entire document. (8 minutes) Walden University - 2021
	Study designs	Read the section under overview of the design tree. (8 minutes) University of Oxford - 2009
	Selecting the Appropriate Study Design for your Research: Descriptive Study Designs.	Read the entire article. (15 minutes) Journal of Health Specialties - 2015
	Study Designs: Part 2 – Descriptive Studies.	Read the entire article. (12 minutes) Perspectives in Clinical Research - 2019
	Observational and interventional study design types; an overview	Read the entire article EXCEPT for these sections: Standards of research and reporting and Conclusion. (35 minutes) Biochemia Medica - 2014
	Design, Applications, Strengths and Weaknesses of Cross-Sectional, Analytical Studies (Including Cohort, Case-Control and Nested Case-Control Studies), and Intervention Studies (Including Randomised Controlled Trials).	Read the content under cross-sectional, case-control design and cohort stduy design. (32 minutes) HealthKnowledge - 2018
	Observational Study Designs: Synopsis for Selecting an Appropriate Study Design	Read the following components of the Review section: Cross-sectional, Case-control, and cohort studies. (6 minutes) Cureus Journal of Medical Science - 2020
	Quasi-experimental study designs series – Paper 4: uses and value	Read pages 6-11 of the manuscript. (19 minutes) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - 2017
	Module 2: Research Design - Section 2	Read entire page including the hyperlinked page: Random Assignment. (8 minutes) Office of Research Integrity by U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - 2017
	Types and Phases of Clinical Trials	Read the entire page. (17 minutes) American Cancer Society - 2021

Module 3: Lesson 2: Sampling and Data Collection for Quantitative Research	Sampling Strategy and Sample Size Calculation.	Read the entire document. (51 minutes) People's University - 2016
	Sampling Methods in Research Methodology: How to Choose a Sampling Technique for Research.	Read the entire article. (21 minutes) International Journal of Academic Research in Management - 2016
	Data Collection Methods in Quantitative Research.	Read the entire article. (23 minutes) Indian Journal of Continuing Nursing Education - 2017
	Selecting Data Collection Methods.	Read the entire document. (5 minutes) CDC - 2014

Module 3: Lesson 3: Quantitative Data Analysis: Hypothesis Testing and Tests of Significance	Quantitative Methods	Read the entire page. (17 minutes) University of Southern California - 2021
	Analyzing Quantitative Data for Evaluation	Read the entire page. (9 minutes) CDC - 2018
	Scales of Measurement and Presentation of Statistical Data	Read the entire page. (16 minutes) Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia - 2018
	Levels of Measurement	Read the following sections: -Introduction -Nominal -Ordinal -Ratio -Interval and watch the videos that accompany each. (11 minutes) University of Nottingham School of Health Sciences - 2016
	Adapted - Quantitative Data	Read the entire document. (11 minutes) NextGenu.org - 2019
	Hypothesis Testing and Sampling.	Read the entire document. (4 minutes) NextGenu.org - 2019
	Introduction to Hypothesis testing	Read the entire document. (24 minutes) University of Dallas
	Tests of Significance	Read the entire document. (20 minutes) University of West Georgia
	What Statistical Analysis Should I Use? Statistical Analyses Using Stata	Read the entire document. (45 minutes) UCLA - 2021
	6 Basic Statistical Tools	Read the entire page. (40 minutes) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
	P-Values	Read the entire page. (6 minutes) Boston University School of Public Health - 2019
	What does the p value really mean?	Read the entire article. (5 minutes) Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia: Continuing Education: Scientific Methodology - 2015
	Ziliak and McCloskey’s Criticisms of Significance Tests: An Assessment	Read the content under the heading Introduction, The Meaning of Significance Tests, Z-M's Criticism of Significance Tests to page 265. (19 minutes) Econ Journal Watch - 2012

Module 4: Lesson 1: Qualitative Study Designs	Qualitative Research Design	Read the entire document. (21 minutes) Public Health U - 2020
	Qualitative Research: Key Concepts and a Brief Overview of its application in Geriatrics/Gerontology	Read the entire article. (21 minutes) Geriatrics, Gerontology and Aging - 2017
	Qualitative Methods in Health Care Research	Read section: Types of Qualitative Research Designs. (10 minutes) International Journal of Preventive Medicine - 2021
	Participatory action research	Read entire page. (12 minutes) Australian Institute of Family Services - 2015
	The Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches and Methods in Language “Testing and Assessment” Research: A Literature Review	Read Section: 3. Qualitative Research Approaches and Methods. (12 minutes) Journal of Education and Learning: Canadian Center of Science and Education - 2016

Module 4: Lesson 2: Sampling and Data Collection for Qualitative Research	Comparison of Convenience Sampling and Purposive Sampling	Read pages 1-3 from "Introduction" to "Purposive Sampling Methods". (14 minutes) American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics - 2015
	Enhancing the sample diversity of snowball samples: Recommendations from a research project on anti-dam movements in Southeast Asia	Read content under "Introduction" and "On Snowball Sampling". (10 minutes) PLoS One - 2018
	Sampling in qualitative research	Read content under Non-probability Sampling and Types of Non-probability sampling. (12 minutes) Radford University - 2021
	Overview of Qualitative Research Methods.	Watch the entire video. (12 minutes) Center for Research Quality - 2015

Module 4: Lesson 3: Qualitative Data Analysis	Qualitative Data, Analysis, and Design	Read from the content under the heading "Research Designs" on page 365 to the heading "Mixed Methods" on page 369. (22 minutes) Sage Publishing - 2014
	Analysing qualitative data	Read the entire page. (4 minutes) NSW government website - 2020
	Qualitative research: deductive and inductive approaches to data analysis	Read content under "Data Analysis". (11 minutes) Qualitative Research Journal - 2018
	Thematic analysis of qualitative data: AMEE Guide No. 131	Read from "Introduction" to "When to use thematic analysis". (12 minutes) Medical Teacher - 2020
	Content Analysis	Read the entire page. (14 minutes) Columbia Public Health - 2021

Module 4: Lesson 4: Mixed Methods Research	Mixed Research Method as the Third Research Paradigm: A Literature Review	Read Section 2: Mixed Method Research Defined. (5 minutes) International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) - 2013
	Mixed-Methods Research	Read the entire document. (22 minutes) Public Health U - 2020
	Mixed Methods Research: An Overview for Beginner Researchers	Read Sections 4,5,6 of the paper. (8 minutes) Journal of Literature, Languages and Linguistics - 2019

Module 5: Lesson 1: Types and steps of Literature Reviews	NCCMT - URE - Types of Reviews - What kind of review do we need?	Watch the entire video. (10 minutes) National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools - 2016
	Systematic review or scoping review? Guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or scoping review approach	Read whole article. (31 minutes) BMC Medical Research - 2018
	Types of Reviews.	Read the entire document. (16 minutes) Public Health U - 2020
	Systematic Reviews: the process: Types of Reviews	Read the entire page. (7 minutes) Duke University: Medical City Library
	Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses	Read the entire document. (10 minutes) Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - 2011
	Systematic Reviews & Other Review Types.	Read the entire article. (14 minutes) Temple University - 2021

Module 5: Lesson 2: The Systematic Search and Critical Appraisal of Research	A systematic approach to searching: an efficient and complete method to develop literature searches	Read this section of the document: CREATING A SYSTEMATIC SEARCH STRATEGY. (26 minutes) Journal of the Medical Library Association - 2018
	Dissecting the literature: the importance of critical appraisal	Read the section: Why is critical appraisal needed? (2 minutes) The Royal College of Surgeons of England - 2017
	Critical Appraisal Tools	Read the entire page. (20 minutes) University of South Australia

Module 6: Lesson 1: Scientific Writing	The Science of Scientific Writing	Read the entire article. (56 minutes) The Pennsylvania State University-2018
	Ten Simple (Empirical) Rules for Writing Science.	Read the entire article. (11 minutes) PLOS Computational Biology - 2015
	The Basics of Scientific Writing.	Read the entire page. (7 minutes) University of Nebraska-Lincoln - 2016
	Writing for Science Subjects: 10 characteristics of scientific writing	Read entire document. (14 minutes) University of Leeds - 2015
	Principles of Scientific Writing	Read entire document. (10 minutes) University of Colorado Denverr - 2014
	Effective Communication: Barriers and Strategies.	Read the entire page. (10 minutes) University of Waterloo - 2013
	10 Tips for Improving Your Public Speaking Skills.	Read the entire page. (5 minutes) Harvard Division of Continuing Education - 2020

Module 6: Lesson 2: Plagiarism and Referencing Styles	What is intellectual property?	Read entire document. (30 minutes) World Intellectual Property Organization - 2020
	What is Plagiarism?	Read the entire page. (8 minutes) University of Michigan - 2020
	Avoiding Plagiarism - A Guide.	Read entire page. (15 minutes) Trent University - 2021
	Quoting Versus Paraphrasing Versus Summarizing.	Read the entire document. (4 minutes) Memorial University of Newfoundland - 2012
	Citation Styles	Read the entire page. (15 minutes) University of California - 2021
	Which Referencing Style Should you use?	Watch the entire video. (4 minutes) University of Reading - 2019

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