Section: Module 7: Legal, Human Rights, & Ethical Issues | Pandemic Etiology, Preparedness, and Response

Module 7: Lesson 1: Legal Restrictions and COVID-19

Student Learning Outcomes:

Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:

Explain why human rights, including the right to the protection of health, must be maintained even in crisis situations such as pandemics.
Analyze how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted human rights and the rule of law nationally and internationally, identifying the groups and populations that have been significantly affected.
Compare and contrast the human rights impacts of COVID-19 and other pandemics on the media and vulnerable groups.

Approximate time required for the readings for this lesson (at 144 words/minute): 4 hours and 36 minutes.

Required Learning Resources and Activities

COVID-19 and Human Rights - We are all in this together URL

Read the paragraph under the heading "They put people at the centre and produce better outcomes" on page 2, the box titled "Spotlight: Human Rights at the Frontline in the Fight Against COVID-19" on page 4, and the content under the heading "Six key human rights messages" on pages 7-17. (30 minutes)

United Nations

The Impact of Coronavirus on Media Freedom URL

Read the content under the headings "Impact of coronavirus on media freedom" on pages 2-3 and "Wider implications of media freedom restrictions" on page 5. (5 minutes)

European Parliament

Discussion Forum 7 (180 mins)

In this activity, you will evaluate the legal impacts of epidemics/pandemics on a particular country/region.
Instructions

Reflect on the topic using initial readings in the course, previous knowledge, or other sources that have expanded your knowledge.
Prepare a 500 - 650 word paper to summarize your reflections. You should:

Evaluate the legal impacts of one or more epidemics/pandemics in a particular country/region on different groups of individuals.
Consider the effect of the epidemic/pandemic on human rights, rule of law, and freedom of expression, indicating which groups were impacted and the extent/severity of the impact.

You must cite and reference at least two credible sources. All references should follow the 7th Edition APA formatting. For further instructions, see the resource on the Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library: APA citation resource (N.B. references are excluded from word counts).
The paper should be written in Times New Roman, point 12, and double spaced. Submit the paper along with a cover page and reference.
To submit your work, click on the “Add a new discussion topic” button under this post and paste your work in the “message” box.
OPTIONAL: Interact (10 minutes)

If you would like to, you can reply to your peers' posts in a respectful and professional manner. Ensure that your post engages your peers' ideas by including a reflection on their comments, sharing ideas of other potential difficulties and parties involved, or asking thought-provoking questions. If a peer comments on your posting, please reply. To post a reply, click “Reply” on a particular discussion, write your feedback and then click on “Post to forum.”

Module 7: Lesson 2: Ethical Issues in Pandemic Response

Student Learning Outcomes:

Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:

Explain the ethical dilemmas and tensions that healthcare systems and workers experience in balancing individual patient treatment and protecting population health during pandemics.
Discuss the ethical issues that governments and international agencies must consider in developing and implementing pandemic response and control measures and interventions.
Examine the ethical considerations that govern the approaches used by governments and healthcare systems to allocate scarce resources during a pandemic.

Approximate time required for the readings for this lesson (at 144 words/minute): 3 hours.

Required Learning Resources and Activities

Ethical dilemmas due to the Covid-19 pandemic URL

Read the entire article. (33 minutes)

Springer Nature

Guidance for Managing Ethical Issues in Infectious Disease Outbreaks URL

Read the content under the headings "7. Obligations related to medical interventions for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of infectious disease" on pages 28-29 and "9. Emergency Use of Unproven Interventions Outside of Research" on pages 35-37. (12 minutes)

WHO

Practical Bioethics During the Exceptional Circumstances of a Pandemic URL

Read the entire article. (8 minutes)

Elsevier

Ethics Guidance on Issues Raised by the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic URL

Read the content from under the heading "Research" on pages 4-7. (8 minutes)

PAHO

The moral responsibility of governments and individuals in the context of the coronavirus pandemic URL

Read the content under the headings "Abstract" and "Responsibility of governments: balancing individual rights and the collective good." (10 minutes)

Scandinavian Journal of Public Health

Ethics and COVID-19: Resource Allocation and Priority-Setting URL

Read from the heading "3. What is the basis for deciding who should have priority access to scarce resources?" to the end of the page. (10 minutes)

WHO

Quiz: Module 7

To access the quiz, click on the name of the quiz provided above. On the following screen, click the attempt quiz button to view the case studies and respond to the questions.

TO PASS THIS QUIZ YOU MUST OBTAIN A SCORE OF 80%.

Not available unless: The activity Quiz: Module 6 is marked complete

Introduction

Course Registration

Peer Corner

Pre-Test

Module 1: Past, Present, & Future Pandemics

A Guide to Coronavirus-Related Words

Coronavirus Glossary: Key Terms About the Pandemic Explained

WHO Pandemics Descriptions and Main Actions by Page

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: A syndemic perspective

Environments, Behaviors, and Inequalities: Reflecting on the Impacts of the Influenza and Coronavirus Pandemics in the United States

Large, delayed outbreaks of endemic diseases possible following COVID-19 controls

One Health Basics

Discussion Forum 1 (150 mins)

5 reasons why pandemics like COVID-19 are becoming more likely

Managing Epidemics - Key Facts About Major Deadily Diseases

A Deep Look into the Biology and Evolution of COVID-19

Syndemics: health in context

Caribbean Resilience and Prosperity through One Health

One Health Strategic Framework 2017-2023

One health approach and COVID-19: A perspective

Module 2: Pandemics in High- and Low-Income Countries

Building resilience to the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of centres of government

The 10 Essential Public Health Services: An Overview

Ensuring Health Equity During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Public Health Infrastructure

International Health Care System Profiles

The Role of Primary Care in a Pandemic: Reflections During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Canada

Pan American Health Organization Response to COVID-19 in the Americas.

Public health awareness: knowledge, attitude and behaviour of the general public on health risks during the H1N1 influenza pandemic

Jamaica's Effort in Improving Universal Access Within Fiscal Constraints

Caribbean countries boost the capacities of nurses in critical care during COVID-19

Primary health care and health emergencies

Role of primary care providers in a pandemic – conflicting views and future opportunities

International Cooperative Responses to Pandemic Threats - A Critical Analysis

COVID-19 in the Caribbean: Lessons Learned from the Ongoing International Medical and Scientific Cooperation

Emerge, detect, contain: the critical role of public health in a pandemic

International Cooperative Responses to Pandemic Threats - A Critical Analysis

Influence of Community and Culture in the Ethical Allocation of Scarce Medical Resources in a Pandemic Situation: Deliberative Democracy Study

Challenges of the Pandemic Response in Primary Care during Pre-Vaccination Period: A Qualitative Study

Perceived barriers to the practice of preventive measures for COVID-19 pandemic among health professionals in public health facilities of the Gamo zone, southern Ethiopia: a phenomenological study

Health Systems' Resilience: COVID-19 Response in Trinidad and Tobago

Lack of Solidarity Hampered Europe's Coronavirus Response, Research Finds

Sub-Saharan Africa Preparedness and Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Perspective of Early Career African Scientists

Managing Epidemics - Key Facts About Major Deadily Diseases

Pandemic resilience and health systems preparedness: lessons from COVID-19 for the twenty-first century

Reflective Essay 1 (180 mins)

SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak on the Caribbean Islands of the Dutch Kingdom: A Unique Challenge

Enablers and Barriers to Community Engagement in Public Health Emergency Preparedness: A Literature Review

Attitudes, Motivators, and Barriers to Emergency Preparedness Using the 2016 Styles Survey

Prioritizing knowledge translation in low- and middle-income countries to support pandemic response and preparedness

A strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis of public health in India in the context of COVID-19 pandemic

COVID-19 Global Response – Strengths, Weaknesses, Success and Failure

What is a resilient health system? Lessons from Ebola

A Checklist for COVID-2019 Pandemic Risk and Impact Management

Pandemic Influenza Framework

The Neglected Dimension of Global Security: A Framework to Counter Infectious Disease Crises- Chapter 3 Strengthening Public Health as the Foundation of the Health System and First Line of Defense

Building a coherent response for a sustainable post-COVID-19 recovery

Module 3: Origin and Progression of Viruses with Pandemic Potential

How the Flu Virus Can Change: "Drift" and "Shift"

Could Environment Affect the Mutation of H1N1 Influenza Virus?

SARS-CoV-2 Variants

The Effects of Virus Variants on COVID-19 Vaccines

Characteristics of Microbes Most Likely to Cause Pandemics and Global Catastrophes

Similarities and Differences between Flu and COVID-19

The Origin and Prevention of Pandemics

Transmission of Avian Influenza A Viruses Between Animals and People

The COVID-19 Pandemic: Diverse Contexts; Different Epidemics - How and Why?

Discussion Forum 2 (150 mins)

A Deep Look into the Biology and Evolution of COVID-19

The Origin of COVID-19 and Why It Matters

Impact of Systematic Factors on the Outbreak Outcomes of the Novel COVID-19 Disease in China: Factor Analysis Study

Emerging Infectious Diseseases: Epidemiology of Coronavirus Disease in Gansu Province, China, 2020

Distribution and Risk Factors of 2009 Pandemic Influenza (H1N1) in Mainland China

Module 4: Testing and Surveillance

Episode #14 - COVID-19 - Tests

Rapid Expert Consultation on Critical Issues in Diagnostic Testing for the COVID-19 Pandemic

Importance of diagnostics in epidemic and pandemic preparedness

Surveillance and the "New Normal" of COVID-19: Public Health, Data and Justie

Ethical issues in managing the COVID-19 pandemic

Suppressing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic using controlled testing and isolation

Preventing the next pandemic: the power of a global viral surveillance network

Trials & Approved Vaccines by Country