Section: Module 2: Research Questions, Research Objectives, and Hypotheses | Research Methods for Health Sciences | NextGenU.org

  • Instructional Goals covered in this module:

    • Formulate research problems, questions, aims, objectives, and hypotheses that are clear and practicable.
    • Module 2: Lesson 1: Research Problems and Research Questions

      Student Learning Outcomes:

      • Define a research problem and a research question.
      • Describe the characteristics of clear and practicable research problems and research questions for quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research.
      • Formulate clear and practicable quantitative and qualitative research problems and research questions.

      Approximate time required to complete the readings (at 144 words/minute) and assignments for this module: 3 hours and 31 minutes.

      Required Learning Resources and Activities
    • Read the entire page. (2 minutes)

      University of London - 2014

    • Read the entire article. (17 minutes)

      International Journal of Research (IJR)-2014

    • Read the entire article. (18 minutes)

      Stanford University - 2016

    • Read the entire article. (19 minutes)

      Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons - 2019

    • Read the entire Document except the "References" part. (19 minutes)

      American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) - 2021

    • Read the entire page and the next page for qualitative research questions. (16 minutes)

      Mavs Open Press Open Educational Resources from the University of Texas at Arlington - 2018

    • In this activity, you will write a research problem statement keeping in mind that it will be used to work on the activities in the entire course, including the final assignment. Then, you will write qualitative and quantitative research questions for your identified problem.

      Step 1: Review

      Review this Learning Resource.

      Step 2: Respond

      Think about a health issue that you might be interested in studying and complete the following:

      • Write a problem statement that:
      1. Reflects a need
      2. Is based on factual evidence
      3. Is meaningful; has testable hypotheses
      4. Has a relevant and manageable problem 
      • Using this to guide you, write between 3 and 5 research questions to guide your study of the problem. Ensure that you have a combination of qualitative and quantitative questions.
      Step 3: Self-Analysis and Enhancement

      Before you submit, engage in an introspective self-analysis by systematically reviewing each component of your work. Reflect on what aspects of your work were executed well and what could be enhanced. Proceed to refine these elements in your work. 

      Step 4: Submit

      To submit your work, click on the “Reply” button under this post and paste your work in the “Message” box. Make sure to reference others’ intellectual property when necessary. All references should follow 7th Edition APA formatting. For further instructions, see the resource on the Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library: APA citation resource (N.B. references are excluded from word counts).

      OPTIONAL Step 5: Interact (10 minutes)

      If you would like to, you can reply to your peers' posts in a respectful and professional manner. Ensure that your post engages your peers' ideas by including a reflection on their comments, sharing ideas of other potential difficulties and parties involved, or asking thought-provoking questions. If a peer comments on your posting, please reply. To post a reply, click “Reply” on a particular discussion, write your feedback and then click on “Post to forum.”


    • Module 2: Lesson 2: Research Aims and Research Objectives

      Student Learning Outcomes:

      • Define a research aim and research objective.
      • Differentiate research aims and research objectives.
      • Give examples of research objectives and research aims that are clear and practicable for qualitative and quantitative research.
      • Write research aims and objectives that are clear and practicable.

      Approximate time required to complete the readings (at 144 words/minute) and assignments for this module: 2 hours and 32 minutes.

      Required Learning Resources and Activities
    • Read the following sections: Aims, Objectives, and Conclusion. (10 minutes)

      Nurse Researcher - 2016

    • Read the entire journal article. (26 minutes)

      Sage - 2013

    • Based on the research problems and questions developed in M2 L1, you will write qualitative and quantitative research aims and objectives.

      Step 1: Review

      Review the learning resources for Lesson 2.

      Step 2: Respond

      • Write the aim(s) of your research. Ensure that it clearly states what you want to achieve by the end of the research project.
      • List your research objectives:
        • Write between 3-5 research objectives
        • Make sure to have a combination of qualitative and quantitative objectives
        • Remember that they should be SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-constrained)

      Step 3: Self-Analysis and Enhancement

      Before you submit, engage in an introspective self-analysis by systematically reviewing each component of your work. Reflect on what aspects of your work were executed well and what could be enhanced. Proceed to refine these elements in your work. 

      Step 4: Submit

      To submit your work, click on the “Reply” button under this post and paste your work in the “Message” box. Make sure to reference others’ intellectual property when necessary. All references should follow 7th Edition APA formatting. For further instructions, see the resource on the Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library: APA citation resource (N.B. references are excluded from word counts).

      OPTIONAL Step 5: Interact (10 minutes)

      If you would like to, you can reply to your peers' posts in a respectful and professional manner. Ensure that your post engages your peers' ideas by including a reflection on their comments, sharing ideas of other potential difficulties and parties involved, or asking thought-provoking questions. If a peer comments on your posting, please reply. To post a reply, click “Reply” on a particular discussion, write your feedback and then click on “Post to forum.”

    • Module 2: Lesson 3: Research Hypotheses

      Student Learning Outcomes:

      • Describe the common types of research hypotheses for health research.
      • Differentiate qualitative and quantitative research hypotheses.
      • Formulate clear and practicable quantitative and qualitative research hypotheses.

      Approximate time required to complete the readings (at 144 words/minute) and assignments for this module: 3 hours and 8 minutes.

      Required Learning Resources and Activities
    • Read the entire page. (1 minute)

      Austin Peay State University - 2021

    • Read the content under the heading "Quantitative Research Questions and Hypotheses" on pages 132 to 136, and "Mixed Methods Research Questions and Hypotheses" on pages 138 to 143. (30 minutes)

      Sage Publishing. - 2008

    • Read the following sections: 
      Abstract
      3.3.What Is a Research Hypothesis?
      3.4. Analogical Arguments in Support of Using Hypotheses
      3.5. Can a Hypothesis Be “Tested” in Qualitative Research?
      4. The Process of Developing and Using Hypotheses in Qualitative Research. (15 minutes)

      MDPI or Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute - 2019

    • Read the content under the sections: "Formulating Hypotheses" and "Variables of Interest". (7 minutes)

      University of Central Arkansas - 2013

    • In this activity, you will build on previous work and write quantitative and qualitative research hypotheses for your research proposal.

      Step 1: Review

      Review the Section on Formulating Hypotheses.

      Step 2: Respond

      Recalling your research problem, which you formulated in Module 2 Lesson 1:

      • Write at least two hypotheses to predict the result of your research. Make sure to have at least one qualitative and quantitative hypothesis. 
      • For each hypothesis, write a 50-150 word paragraph explaining the rationale for the prediction.

      Step 3: Self-Analysis and Enhancement

      Before you submit, engage in an introspective self-analysis by systematically reviewing each component of your work. Reflect on what aspects of your work were executed well and what could be enhanced. Proceed to refine these elements in your work. 

      Step 4: Submit

      To submit your work, click on the “Reply” button under this post and paste your work in the “Message” box. Make sure to reference others’ intellectual property when necessary. All references should follow 7th Edition APA formatting. For further instructions, see the resource on the Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library: APA citation resource (N.B. references are excluded from word counts).

      OPTIONAL Step 5: Interact (10 minutes)

      If you would like to, you can reply to your peers' posts in a respectful and professional manner. Ensure that your post engages your peers' ideas by including a reflection on their comments, sharing ideas of other potential difficulties and parties involved, or asking thought-provoking questions. If a peer comments on your posting, please reply. To post a reply, click “Reply” on a particular discussion, write your feedback and then click on “Post to forum.”


    • quiz icon
      Quiz: Module 2

      To access the quiz, click on the name of the quiz provided above. On the following screen, click the "Preview quiz now" button to respond to the questions.

      TO PASS THIS QUIZ, YOU MUST OBTAIN A SCORE OF 12/15 

      Not available unless: The activity Quiz: Module 1 is complete and passed
    • Recommended Additional Readings
    • Read entire table. (2 minutes)

      Xavier University - 2012