Section: Module 3: Quantitative Studies | Research Methods for Health Sciences | NextGenU.org

  • Instructional Goals covered in this module:

    • Develop a quantitative study design, including a strategy for sampling and data collection, hypothesis testing, and data analysis.
    • Module 3: Lesson 1: Quantitative Study Designs

      Student Learning Outcomes:

      • Understand the hierarchies of quantitative study designs.
      • Understand the levels of evidence based on study designs.
      • Describe the concept and classification of descriptive study designs.
      • Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of descriptive study designs such as cross-sectional studies, case reports, and case series.
      • Select a descriptive study design to address a given research question.
      • Describe the concept and classification of analytic study designs, including observational and experimental studies.
      • Break down the different observational study designs (cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies).
      • Describe the concept of quasi-experimental studies.
      • Describe the concepts of randomization and experimental study designs.
      • Examine the different types of clinical trials.
      • Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of common observational and analytical study designs.
      • Select a quantitative study design to address a given research question.

      Approximate time required to complete the readings (at 144 words/minute) and assignments for this module: 7 hours and 56 minutes.

      Required Learning Resources and Activities
    • Read the entire document. (16 minutes)

      Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing - 2016

    • Read the entire document. (8 minutes)

      Walden University - 2021

    • Read the section under overview of the design tree. (8 minutes)

      University of Oxford - 2009

    • Read the entire article. (15 minutes)

      Journal of Health Specialties - 2015

    • Read the entire article. (12 minutes)

      Perspectives in Clinical Research - 2019

    • Read the entire article EXCEPT for these sections: Standards of research and reporting and Conclusion. (35 minutes)

      Biochemia Medica - 2014

    • Read the content under cross-sectional, case-control design and cohort stduy design. (32 minutes)

      HealthKnowledge - 2018

    • Read the following components of the Review section: Cross-sectional, Case-control, and cohort studies. (6 minutes)

      Cureus Journal of Medical Science - 2020

    • Read pages 6-11 of the manuscript. (19 minutes)

      Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - 2017

    • Read entire page including the hyperlinked page: Random Assignment. (8 minutes)

      Office of Research Integrity by U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - 2017

    • Read the entire page. (17 minutes)

      American Cancer Society - 2021

    • In this activity, you will analyse a given set of research questions and will discuss the strengths and weaknesses of studying one of the questions with at least 2 types of descriptive and analytical study designs.

      Step 1: Review

      Review the learning resources for this lesson.

      Step 2: Analyze

      Analyze the following research questions:

      1. Is there a correlation between diet and stomach cancer survival in people aged 50-65?
      2. How effective is immunotherapy in the fight against breast cancer?
      3. What are the perceptions of residents in rural communities about vaccinations?
      4. Are middle/low-income countries more likely to have low rates of COVID vaccine uptake?
      5. Was there an increase in mental health disorders as a result of lockdown measures imposed in Italy between March and May 2020?

      Step 3: Respond

      • Select one question from the list above.
      • Write a post of 250-350 words in which you:
        1. Choose at least 2 types of study designs (descriptive and/or analytical) that can be used to answer this question.
        2. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of utilizing each study design to answer the research question.

      Step 4: Share

      To share your work, click on the “Reply” button under this post and paste your work in the “Message” box. Make sure to reference others’ intellectual property when necessary. All references should follow 7th Edition APA formatting. For further instructions, see the resource on the Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library: APA citation resource (N.B. references are excluded from word counts).

      OPTIONAL Step 5: Interact (10 minutes)

      If you would like to, you can reply to your peers' posts in a respectful and professional manner. Ensure that your post engages your peers' ideas by including a reflection on their comments, sharing ideas of other potential difficulties and parties involved, or asking thought-provoking questions. If a peer comments on your posting, please reply. To post a reply, click “Reply” on a particular discussion, write your feedback and then click on “Post to forum.”

    • In this activity, you will continue to build upon previous work by selecting a study design for the quantitative component of your research proposal.

      Step 1: Review

      Review the research questions which you wrote in Module 2 Lesson 1. Select the quantitative question(s).

      Step 2: Respond

      Choose the best quantitative study design which will help you to answer the question(s). Write a 200-350 word post in which you:

      • Summarize the selected design for the chosen questions
      • Give a rationale for its selection

      Step 3: Self-Analysis and Enhancement

      Before you submit, engage in an introspective self-analysis by systematically reviewing each component of your work. Reflect on what aspects of your work were executed well and what could be enhanced. Proceed to refine these elements in your work.

      Step 4: Submit

      To submit your work, click on the “Reply” button under this post and paste your work in the “Message” box. Make sure to reference others’ intellectual property when necessary. All references should follow 7th Edition APA formatting. For further instructions, see the resource on the Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library: APA citation resource (N.B. references are excluded from word counts).

      OPTIONAL Step 5: Interact (10 minutes)

      If you would like to, you can reply to your peers' posts in a respectful and professional manner. Ensure that your post engages your peers' ideas by including a reflection on their comments, sharing ideas of other potential difficulties and parties involved, or asking thought-provoking questions. If a peer comments on your posting, please reply. To post a reply, click “Reply” on a particular discussion, write your feedback and then click on “Post to forum.”

    • Module 3: Lesson 2: Sampling and Data Collection for Quantitative Research

      Student Learning Outcomes:

      • Understand the uses of probability and non-probability sampling methods.
      • Give examples of probability and non-probability sampling methods.
      • Determine a sampling strategy and sample size for a quantitative study.
      • Describe the data collection methods in quantitative research.
      • Determine a data collection method for a quantitative study.

      Approximate time required to complete the readings (at 144 words/minute) and assignments for this module: 3 hours and 40 minutes.

      Required Learning Resources and Activities
    • Read the entire document. (51 minutes)

      People's University - 2016

    • Read the entire article. (21 minutes)

      International Journal of Academic Research in Management - 2016

    • Read the entire article. (23 minutes)

      Indian Journal of Continuing Nursing Education - 2017

    • Read the entire document. (5 minutes)

      CDC - 2014

    • For this activity, you will determine a sampling strategy, sample size, and data collection strategy for the quantitative component of your research proposal.

      Step 1: Review

      Review the learning resources for this lesson.

      Step 2: Respond

      Recalling the quantitative research questions, design, and objectives already designed, write a post of 200-350 words in which you explain:

      • Sampling strategy with a description of the study population
      • Sample size along with:
        • Justification for the calculation strategy
        • Margin of error and confidence level
      • Data collection strategy

      Step 3: Self-Analysis and Enhancement

      Before you submit, engage in an introspective self-analysis by systematically reviewing each component of your work. Reflect on what aspects of your work were executed well and what could be enhanced. Proceed to refine these elements in your work.

      Step 4: Submit

      To submit your work, click on the “Reply” button under this post and paste your work in the “Message” box. Make sure to reference others’ intellectual property when necessary. All references should follow 7th Edition APA formatting. For further instructions, see the resource on the Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library: APA citation resource (N.B. references are excluded from word counts).

      OPTIONAL Step 5: Interact (10 minutes)

      If you would like to, you can reply to your peers' posts in a respectful and professional manner. Ensure that your post engages your peers' ideas by including a reflection on their comments, sharing ideas of other potential difficulties and parties involved, or asking thought-provoking questions. If a peer comments on your posting, please reply. To post a reply, click “Reply” on a particular discussion, write your feedback and then click on “Post to forum.”

    • Module 3: Lesson 3: Quantitative Data Analysis: Hypothesis Testing and Tests of Significance

      Student Learning Outcomes:

      • Describe the process of quantitative data analysis.
      • Explain the different data measurement scales (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio).
      • Differentiate between continuous and discrete data.
      • Explain the purpose of hypothesis testing.
      • Explain the components of hypothesis testing (null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, Type I Error, Type II Error, and power).
      • Describe the meaning of a test of significance.
      • Define the different tests of significance (Chi-Square, T-Test, ANOVA, F-Statistic, etc).
      • Differentiate the different tests of significance (Chi-Square, T-Test, ANOVA, F-Statistic, etc).
      • Define probability value (P-value).
      • Give examples of the use of P-value in a research context.
      • Determine a data analysis strategy for a given research question.

      Approximate time required to complete the readings (at 144 words/minute) and assignments for this module: 7 hours and 3 minutes.

      Required Learning Resources and Activities
    • Read the entire page. (17 minutes)

      University of Southern California - 2021

    • Read the entire page. (9 minutes)

      CDC - 2018

    • Read the entire page. (16 minutes)

      Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia - 2018

    • Read the following sections: 
      -Introduction
      -Nominal
      -Ordinal
      -Ratio
      -Interval and watch the videos that accompany each. (11 minutes)

      University of Nottingham School of Health Sciences - 2016

    • Read the entire document. (11 minutes)

      NextGenu.org - 2019

    • Read the entire document. (4 minutes)

      NextGenu.org - 2019

    • Read the entire document. (24 minutes)

      University of Dallas 

    • Read the entire document. (20 minutes)

      University of West Georgia

    • Read the entire document. (45 minutes)

      UCLA - 2021

    • Read the entire page. (40 minutes)

      Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

    • Read the entire page. (6 minutes)

      Boston University School of Public Health - 2019

    • Read the entire article. (5 minutes)

      Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia: Continuing Education: Scientific Methodology - 2015

    • In this activity, you will write the first part of the "Data Analysis" section of your research proposal. It will include a description of the type of data you expect to collect in the quantitative component and the analysis strategy(ies) you plan to utilize.

      Step 1: Review

      Review the following resources from the lesson’s readings:

      Step 2: Respond

      Write the first few paragraphs of the Data Analysis section of your proposal. Your post should be 200-350 words long. Ensure that you include:

      • Type of data to be collected
      • Appropriate data analysis strategy(ies) to be used for each type of data

      Step 3: Self-Analysis and Enhancement

      Before you submit, engage in an introspective self-analysis by systematically reviewing each component of your work. Reflect on what aspects of your work were executed well and what could be enhanced. Proceed to refine these elements in your work.

      Step 4: Submit

      To submit your work, click on the “Reply” button under this post and paste your work in the “Message” box. Make sure to reference others’ intellectual property when necessary. All references should follow 7th Edition APA formatting. For further instructions, see the resource on the Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library: APA citation resource (N.B. references are excluded from word counts).

      OPTIONAL Step 5: Interact (10 minutes)

      If you would like to, you can reply to your peers' posts in a respectful and professional manner. Ensure that your post engages your peers' ideas by including a reflection on their comments, sharing ideas of other potential difficulties and parties involved, or asking thought-provoking questions. If a peer comments on your posting, please reply. To post a reply, click “Reply” on a particular discussion, write your feedback and then click on “Post to forum.”


    • quiz icon
      Quiz: Module 3

      To access the quiz, click on the name of the quiz provided above. On the following screen, click the "Preview quiz now" button to respond to the questions.

      TO PASS THIS QUIZ, YOU MUST OBTAIN A SCORE OF 12/15 

      Not available unless: The activity Quiz: Module 2 is complete and passed
    • Recommended Additional Readings
    • Read the content under the heading Introduction, The Meaning of Significance Tests, Z-M's Criticism of Significance Tests to page 265. (19 minutes)

      Econ Journal Watch - 2012