In this activity, you will select a date or an event in the given “development of modern society” timeline and will analyze how the scientific method has contributed to the selected date/event.

Step 1: Review

Review this timeline of human conditions: milestones in evolution and history. Select one date or event under sections “8. Technological Revolution” and “9. Sustainability Revolution.”

Step 2: Analyze

Analyze the role of the scientific method in the emergence and development of the selected event/date. Focus on the following key questions:

• What is the most prominent or distinctive feature/ element of the selected event/ date?
  

• Example: 2019 - first case of COVID-19 coronavirus (Wuhan, China, 1/12/2019) → pandemic, triggering unprecedented lockdowns of nations and societies worldwide.

• Is the event deemed to be a positive event or a negative event?
  
• How is the scientific method utilized or related to this event? Give specific examples.
  
• Does the use of scientific methods have a positive impact on the event? Give specific examples.

Step 3: Respond

Write a 300-500 word discussion post that answers all the questions in Step 2.

Step 4: Share

To share your work, click on the “Reply” button under this post and paste your work in the “Message” box. Make sure to reference others’ intellectual property when necessary. All references should follow 7th Edition APA formatting. For further instructions, see the resource on the Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library: APA citation resource (N.B. references are excluded from word counts).

OPTIONAL Step 5: Interact (10 minutes)

If you would like to, you can reply to your peers' posts in a respectful and professional manner. Ensure that your post engages your peers' ideas by including a reflection on their comments, sharing ideas of other potential difficulties and parties involved, or asking thought-provoking questions. If a peer comments on your posting, please reply. To post a reply, click “Reply” on a particular discussion, write your feedback and then click on “Post to forum.”

For this activity, you will reflect about the unique risks that arise in research with individuals with substance use disorder and link them with the ethical principles of research.

Step 1: Reflect

Review the readings listed below and reflect on how unique risks in research with individuals with substance use disorders are related to specific principles of ethical research and core values and guiding norms of integrity research.

• Guiding Principles for Ethical Research
• Foundations of Integrity in Research: Core Values and Guiding Norms
• Ethical Issues in Research Involving Participants With Opioid Use Disorder

Step 2: Respond

Write a 250-450 word post in which you:

• Select one or two unique risks that arise in research with individuals with substance use disorders
• Explain how these unique risks are related to the guiding principles for ethical research and the core values and guiding norms of integrity research 
• Discuss how these principles, values, and norms, can reduce risks when working with these potentially vulnerable populations

Step 3: Share

To share your work, click on the “Reply” button under this post and paste your work in the “Message” box. Make sure to reference others’ intellectual property when necessary. All references should follow 7th Edition APA formatting. For further instructions, see the resource on the Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library: APA citation resource (N.B. references are excluded from word counts).

OPTIONAL Step 4: Interact (10 minutes)

If you would like to, you can reply to your peers' posts in a respectful and professional manner. Ensure that your post engages your peers' ideas by including a reflection on their comments, sharing ideas of other potential difficulties and parties involved, or asking thought-provoking questions. If a peer comments on your posting, please reply. To post a reply, click “Reply” on a particular discussion, write your feedback and then click on “Post to forum.”

Based on the research problems and questions developed in M2 L1, you will write qualitative and quantitative research aims and objectives.

Step 1: Review

Review the learning resources for Lesson 2.

Step 2: Respond

• Write the aim(s) of your research. Ensure that it clearly states what you want to achieve by the end of the research project.
• List your research objectives:
• Write between 3-5 research objectives
• Make sure to have a combination of qualitative and quantitative objectives
• Remember that they should be SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-constrained)

In this activity, you will build on previous work and write quantitative and qualitative research hypotheses for your research proposal.

Step 1: Review

Review the Section on Formulating Hypotheses.

Step 2: Respond

Recalling your research problem, which you formulated in Module 2 Lesson 1:

• Write at least two hypotheses to predict the result of your research. Make sure to have at least one qualitative and quantitative hypothesis. 
• For each hypothesis, write a 50-150 word paragraph explaining the rationale for the prediction.

In this activity, you will analyse a given set of research questions and will discuss the strengths and weaknesses of studying one of the questions with at least 2 types of descriptive and analytical study designs.

Step 1: Review

Review the learning resources for this lesson.

Step 2: Analyze

Analyze the following research questions:

1. Is there a correlation between diet and stomach cancer survival in people aged 50-65?
2. How effective is immunotherapy in the fight against breast cancer?
3. What are the perceptions of residents in rural communities about vaccinations?
4. Are middle/low-income countries more likely to have low rates of COVID vaccine uptake?
5. Was there an increase in mental health disorders as a result of lockdown measures imposed in Italy between March and May 2020?

Step 3: Respond

• Select one question from the list above.
  
• Write a post of 250-350 words in which you:
  

1. Choose at least 2 types of study designs (descriptive and/or analytical) that can be used to answer this question.
2. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of utilizing each study design to answer the research question.

Step 4: Share

To share your work, click on the “Reply” button under this post and paste your work in the “Message” box. Make sure to reference others’ intellectual property when necessary. All references should follow 7th Edition APA formatting. For further instructions, see the resource on the Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library: APA citation resource (N.B. references are excluded from word counts).

OPTIONAL Step 5: Interact (10 minutes)

If you would like to, you can reply to your peers' posts in a respectful and professional manner. Ensure that your post engages your peers' ideas by including a reflection on their comments, sharing ideas of other potential difficulties and parties involved, or asking thought-provoking questions. If a peer comments on your posting, please reply. To post a reply, click “Reply” on a particular discussion, write your feedback and then click on “Post to forum.”

In this activity, you will continue to build upon previous work by selecting a study design for the quantitative component of your research proposal.

Step 1: Review

Review the research questions which you wrote in Module 2 Lesson 1. Select the quantitative question(s).

Step 2: Respond

Choose the best quantitative study design which will help you to answer the question(s). Write a 200-350 word post in which you:

• Summarize the selected design for the chosen questions
• Give a rationale for its selection

For this activity, you will determine a sampling strategy, sample size, and data collection strategy for the quantitative component of your research proposal.

Step 1: Review

Review the learning resources for this lesson.

Step 2: Respond

Recalling the quantitative research questions, design, and objectives already designed, write a post of 200-350 words in which you explain:

• Sampling strategy with a description of the study population
• Sample size along with:
• Justification for the calculation strategy
• Margin of error and confidence level
• Data collection strategy

In this activity, you will write the first part of the "Data Analysis" section of your research proposal. It will include a description of the type of data you expect to collect in the quantitative component and the analysis strategy(ies) you plan to utilize.

Step 1: Review

Review the following resources from the lesson’s readings:

• Analyzing Quantitative Data for Evaluation
• Quantitative Methods - Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper
• Scales of Measurement and Presentation of Statistical Data 

Step 2: Respond

Write the first few paragraphs of the Data Analysis section of your proposal. Your post should be 200-350 words long. Ensure that you include:

• Type of data to be collected
• Appropriate data analysis strategy(ies) to be used for each type of data

For this activity, you will analyse a given set of research questions, discussing the strengths and weaknesses of studying the question with at least 2 types of qualitative research designs.

Step 1: Review

Review the learning resources for this lesson.

Step 2: Analyze

Analyze the following research questions:

1. How do cancer survivors perceive their quality of life after chemotherapy and radiation treatment?
2. Does early intervention in obese children result in healthy body weight as adults?
3. Is vaccine hesitancy more prevalent among immigrant populations in rural areas?
4. Do mental health disorders increase with substance abuse? 

Step 3: Respond

• Select one question from the list above.
• Write a post of 250-350 words in which you:

1. Choose at least 2 types of qualitative study designs (phenomenology, grounded theory, case study, ethnography, participant action research, historical study) that can be used to answer this question.
2. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of utilizing each study design to answer the research question.

Step 4: Share

To share your work, click on the “Reply” button under this post and paste your work in the “Message” box. Make sure to reference others’ intellectual property when necessary. All references should follow 7th Edition APA formatting. For further instructions, see the resource on the Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library: APA citation resource (N.B. references are excluded from word counts).

OPTIONAL Step 5: Interact (10 minutes)

If you would like to, you can reply to your peers' posts in a respectful and professional manner. Ensure that your post engages your peers' ideas by including a reflection on their comments, sharing ideas of other potential difficulties and parties involved, or asking thought-provoking questions. If a peer comments on your posting, please reply. To post a reply, click “Reply” on a particular discussion, write your feedback and then click on “Post to forum.”

In this activity, you will start working on the qualitative component of your research proposal. You will select a study design from the ones addressed in this lesson to study your qualitative research questions.

Step 1: Review

Review the research questions which you wrote in Module 2 Lesson 1. Select the qualitative question(s).

Step 2: Respond

Choose the best qualitative study design which will help you to answer the question(s). Write a 200-350 word post in which you:

• Summarize the selected design
• Give a rationale for its selection

In this activity, you will continue working on the qualitative component of your proposal by defining a sampling and data collection method that matches your preferred study design.

Step 1: Review

Review the learning resources for this lesson.

Step 2: Respond

Recalling the qualitative research questions and objectives already designed, write a post of 150-250 words, in which you explain:

• Sampling strategy 
• Sample size and justification
• Data collection method

For this activity, you will select a data analysis strategy for the qualitative component of your proposal and provide a justification/rationale.

Step 1: Review

Review the learning resources for this lesson.

Step 2: Respond

Based on your qualitative research questions, select the most appropriate data analysis strategy/strategies and write a 200-350 word post in which you include:

• The type of data to be collected
• The strategy/strategies you will use to analyse it
• A justification for your selection.

Based on your experience working on the peer activities so far, for this activity, you will provide 3 advantages and 3 disadvantages of using a mixed methods approach.

Step 1: Review

Review the resources from this lesson, particularly this article.

Step 2: Respond

Write a post of 150-250 words in which you discuss:

• 3 advantages of using a mixed method approach
• 3 disadvantages of using a mixed method approach

Step 3: Share

To share your work, click on the “Reply” button under this post and paste your work in the “Message” box. Make sure to reference others’ intellectual property when necessary. All references should follow 7th Edition APA formatting. For further instructions, see the resource on the Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library: APA citation resource (N.B. references are excluded from word counts).

OPTIONAL Step 4: Interact (10 minutes)

If you would like to, you can reply to your peers' posts in a respectful and professional manner. Ensure that your post engages your peers' ideas by including a reflection on their comments, sharing ideas of other potential difficulties and parties involved, or asking thought-provoking questions. If a peer comments on your posting, please reply. To post a reply, click “Reply” on a particular discussion, write your feedback and then click on “Post to forum.”

For this activity, you will use one of the quantitative and qualitative research questions developed in your previous peer activities. For each question, you will write a short reflective paragraph on how each type of literature review addressed in the module could help answer the research question (narrative, scoping, systematic review, meta-analysis).

Step 1: Review

Review the learning resources for this lesson.

Step 2: Respond

For each of your research questions, write a paragraph of between 100-200 words in which you reflect on how each of the types of literature reviews can help you to answer the research question.

Step 3: Share

To share your work, click on the “Reply” button under this post and paste your work in the “Message” box. Make sure to reference others’ intellectual property when necessary. All references should follow 7th Edition APA formatting. For further instructions, see the resource on the Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library: APA citation resource (N.B. references are excluded from word counts).

OPTIONAL Step 4: Interact (10 minutes)

If you would like to, you can reply to your peers' posts in a respectful and professional manner. Ensure that your post engages your peers' ideas by including a reflection on their comments, sharing ideas of other potential difficulties and parties involved, or asking thought-provoking questions. If a peer comments on your posting, please reply. To post a reply, click “Reply” on a particular discussion, write your feedback and then click on “Post to forum.”

For this activity, you will conduct a systematic search based on one of your research questions and  share the results within the platform (process and databases employed, search terms, number of results).

After completing the systematic search, you will then select a research paper from the results. Based on the tools studied in the module, you will identify an appropriate tool to assess the paper and provide a rationale for using that particular tool. 

Step 1: Review

Review the learning resources for this module.

Step 2: Search

Assume you are doing a systematic review as part of your thesis:

• Select a research question of your preference and design search terms to conduct a systematic search. Make sure that the terms make good use of operators such as (), AND, OR, “”, and others.
• Select at least two databases of your preference. You can use open databases such as ERIC, PubMed, or Google Scholar.
• Insert your search terms, assess the results, and make adjustments to the terms until you feel satisfied with the number and quality of results obtained.

Step 3: Assess

From your results, select any research paper of your preference and get ready to make a critical appraisal.

• Choose a tool/checklist to assess the paper. Feel free to use the tools mentioned in the course readings or identify any other of your preference.
• Use your selected tool to assess the paper.

Step 4: Report

Prepare a 400-700 word report in which you include details under the following headings:

1. Systematic Search
1. Research Question
2. Search Process utilized (logical and clear)
3. Database(s) used
4. Search Terms used
5. Number of results obtained in each database
2. Critical Appraisal
1. Write a rationale for your tool selection and the main observations you have made about the paper. Make sure to include positive and negative aspects.

In this activity, you will write a few introductory paragraphs for your research proposal that will follow scientific writing principles and a referencing style of your preference.

Step 1: Review

Review the learning resources for this module.

Step 2: Respond

Using the following as a guide, write the introductory paragraphs to your Research Proposal. Include the following:

• Problem statement and the background
• The relevance and contribution of your planned project
• Reference list, stating the referencing style used